文学本质界定中“意识形态”术语复义性考略  

"YiShiXingTai"'s Multiple Meanings in Defining the Nature of Literature

作　　者：董学文[1] 凌玉建[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《马克思主义美学研究》2008年第2期53-63,共11页Research on Marxist Aesthetics

摘　　要：很长时间里,文学理论上一直认为,文学是意识形态,而意识形态即Ideologie。实际上,在汉语中,"意识形态"(Ideologie)与"意识"(Bewusstseins)、"社会意识形式"(gesellschaftliche Bewusstseinsformen)长期以来是混同的。人们把Ideologie译为"意识形态",但在一些影响很大的文学理论教材和论著中,"意识形态"一词又多指"意识形式"(Bewusstseinsformen)。不同的译法和用法,导致了"意识形态"这一汉语词在当代文学理论中的复义性。如果依据已广为流通的中文版《马恩全集》和《马恩选集》,则只能说文学是可以具有"意识形态性"(ideologischer Natur)的"社会意识形式",而不能说文学是一种"意识形态"。A prevailing view of Chinese literary theory sees literature as a kind of'YiShiXingTai',which is believed to be equivalent to'Ideologie'.In fact, YiShiXingTai('Ideologie'),YiShi('Bewusstseins',namely,'consciousness') and YiShiXingShi('Bewusstseinsformen',namely,'forms of social consciousness') have been confused for each other in Chinese for a long time.Both'Ideologie'and'Bewusstseinsformen'were translated into'YiShiXingTai',as in some influential textbooks and works on literary theory.Different translations led to the multiple meanings of YiShiXingTai in contemporary Chinese literary theory.According to The Complete Works of Marx and Engels and Selected Works of Marx and Engels edited by CCTB,literature is only a kind of'gesellschaftliche Bewusstseinsformen'with'ideologischer Natur',not a kind of'Ideologie'.

关 键 词：意识 意识形式 意识形态 社会意识形式 文学本质 

分 类 号：I02[文学—文学理论]