神延铁路路基植物护坡植苗及灌溉技术初探  

A Primary Discussion on Transplant and Irrigation Techniques of Railway Slope-protection Engineering with Plant

作　　者：初长海[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省林业科学研究所,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2002年第3期304-307,共4页Journal of Desert Research

摘　　要：针对神延铁路边坡坡度大、表层土质坚实问题和尽量减少对坡面破坏性施工的要求 ,在植物护坡工程中 ,用自制缝植锹植苗 ,自制注水器灌溉 ,保证了护坡工程的顺利实施。结果表明 :采用植苗锹进行缝植 ,一是能满足陡坡作业要求。锹板坚固锋利 ,用脚踏可穿透包坡的硬粘土层以减小对坡面的破坏程度 ;二是提高工效 ,缝隙植苗一次性完成 ;三是缝隙深度可达 4 0cm ,能完成植苗深栽 2 0cm以下的工程设计要求。采用注水灌溉 ,一是克服了坡度陡坡面光滑 ,不利水分下渗 ,植苗补水不到位 ,灌溉操作难度大的困难 ;二是注水器可插入土壤深度 15～ 2 0cm以下对苗木根系处进行补水 ,抑制了土壤表层水分的蒸发 ,提高了有限水利用率 ;三是延长补水周期 ,降低拉水投入成本 ,增强植苗的抗旱能力。经采用上述技术措施 ,栽植的灌木紫穗槐 (Amorphafruticosa)苗木平均成活率达85 %以上 ,边坡覆盖度超过 90 % ,根系多分部在土壤 2 0～ 4 0cm深处 ,主根平均长度 5 0cm。In the light of the hardness of the Shenmu-Yanan railway roadside slope is high, surface soil is rigid and the need of decreasing the damages to original railway slope-surface, the crack-transplant method with transplant shovel and water-injection irrigation method with water-injector were created during slope-protection engineering with plant. The results indicated that by adopting crack-transplant method with transplant shovel can: ①meet the steep-slope operation need and reduce the damages to railway slope\|surface because of the transplant shovel sharpness and its penetration ability through railway roadbed clay layer, ②raise operation efficiency because of the once-time completement of transplant,③meet the need of over 20 cm transplant depth because of the over 40 cm cave depth dug by transplant shovel; by adopting water-injection irrigation method with water-injector can: ①conquer the hardness of the water infiltration on the slope-surface and the water-lack around the roots of transplanted-trees because of the steep slope and smooth slope-surface, ②control the water evapotranspiration of soil surface and improve the utilization rate of limited water resources because of the over 15～20 cm cave depth dug by transplant shovel, ③postpone water-supplement period, lower water-irrigation cost and increase the fighting-drought ability of transplanted-trees. Through above technique measures, the average survival rate of transplanted-trees reached 85%, roadbed transplanted-trees coverage surpassed 90%, the roots of transplanted-trees distributed at the soil depth between 20～40 cm and the main root average length is 50 cm.

关 键 词：铁路路基 植物护坡 缝植 注水灌溉 植苗技术 

分 类 号：U216.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]