长江三峡地区汉代以来人类文明的兴衰与生态环境变迁  

RISE AND FALL OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION AND ECO-ENVIRONMENT EVOLUTION AT THREE GORGES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

作　　者：朱诚[1] 张强[1] 张之恒[2] 于世永[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与资源学系,南京210093 [2]南京大学历史系,南京210093 [3]瑞典隆德大学第四纪地质学系,瑞典se22363

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2002年第5期442-450,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (批准号 :4 0 0 71 0 83);高校博士点基金 (批准号 :2 0 0 0 0 2 84 1 4 );南京大学"985工程"自然地理学科建设项目;南京大学现代分析中心测试基金项目资助

摘　　要：巫山张家湾遗址考古发掘结果表明 ,研究区汉代曾有较发达的农业及手工业活动。陶窑和废铁渣、废陶坯及大量陶片、汉代砖瓦的发现充分表明当时的手工业活动已具相当的规模。铁锸等铁制农具及猪、马等家畜骨头的发现表明农业已相当发达。孢粉分析表明当时植被主要以草本植物为主 ,木本植物较少 ,地面植被呈退化趋势 ,生态环境恶化。地面植被的减少导致地表侵蚀的增强 ,大量碎屑物质从赵家坡山上冲刷下来 ,破坏了当时人类赖以生存的环境 ,人们被迫迁徙。该文研究结果还表明 ,在利用孢粉分析的手段恢复古环境演变时应考虑到人类活动的影响 ,须与其它指标相互印证 。There once occurred relatively developed agriculture and handicraft industry in the study region during Han Dynasty. This judgement is supported by the fact that a large amount of scoria, waste fictile modes, broken ceramics, brick and tile pieces and abandoned kilns as well as dead stocks such as iron spades and bones of domestic animals such as horses and pigs were unearthed at the Zhangjiawan Site. On the other hand, pollen analyses indicate that in that time herbage plants were dominant in the study region and woody plants were relatively fewer, showing a degradation trend of both vegetation and eco-environment. It seems that human settlement as well as relatively developed agricultural and handicraft activities would destroy weak vegetation and restricted native woody cover there, result in strong ground surface erosion, and deteriorate the human settlement environment. Finally the residents had to move out, and then human civilization traces lain hidden in the earth. It should be noted, however, that application of pollen analyses to climate reconstruction could produce equivocal climatic interpretations because of human settlement and living activities. Especially anthropogenic vegetation can bring about mimic climate-induced floral shifts. Therefore, other aspects of climate evidence are necessary, too.$$$$

关 键 词：长江三峡地区 汉代 人类文明 张家湾遗址 孢粉 粒度 生态环境 

分 类 号：P531[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] X171[天文地球—地质学]