大学的法律地位分析——研究大学与政府关系的一种视角  

An Analysis on Position of University in Law ——A Visual Angle of Researching the Relationship between University and Government

作　　者：胡建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学高等教育研究所,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2002年第5期61-67,共7页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：在西方国家 ,大学的法律地位主要是指“在与权力关系中的大学的存在形式”,是关于大学与政府关系、大学自治的法律解释与规定。大学的法律地位因不同国家的文化历史传统、社会政治结构等的差异表现出多种样式。如果依照法律意义上的独立性由强渐弱加以分类 ,那么大学的法律地位主要有私法人 ,公法人 ,建筑物法人 ,非独立建筑物等四种。我国的大学在建国以后相当长的时间内是政府的下属机构 ,其法律地位没有被人们意识到。《高等教育法》中有关大学法律地位及自主权的规定是一次有重要影响意义的突破。但是如何将《高等教育法》中的有关规定落实在政府的政策及高等教育实践中 ,这还需要艰苦的努力。不仅在法律上 ,而且从制度上、观念上切实明确大学的法律地位或许是我们处理市场经济体制下大学与政府关系的要点所在。In west countries,university's position in law chiefly means “the existing form of university in relationship between university and authority”,also is stipulations about university's autonomy in law.The university's position in law has various types in different countries because of different cultural and historical traditions,political structures,and so on.generally speaking,the types of the university's position are four,private corporations,public corporations,building corporations and non independent buildings.In the long time after the founding of our People's Republic,the university's position in law wasn't recognized in academic circles,because the universities were organs directly belonging to the government.The stipulations about the university's position in law and the right to deciding for itself in Higher Education Law have important significance.But it is necessary to work hard for fulfilling the stipulations to policies of the government and practice of higher education.Realistically defining the university's position in law perhaps is key point of handling the relationship between the universities and the government in the system of market.

关 键 词：大学 政府 法律地位 法人 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]