太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤的污染元素特征及环境变化效应  

Characteristics and Environmental Changes of Pollution Elements in Taihu Sediments and Soils near the Lake

作　　者：袁旭音[1] 陈骏[1] 季峻峰[1] 陶于祥[2] 王润华[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学系表生地球化学研究所成矿作用国家重点实验室,南京210093 [2]国土资源部南京地质矿产研究所,南京210016

出　　处：《沉积学报》2002年第3期427-434,共8页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学重点基金 (SK99- 0 0 5);国土资源大调查项目 (0 2 992 0 30 0 3)资助

摘　　要：太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤具有相似的物质组成 ,具有相同的物源 ,通过补给区的径流 ,营养元素和重金属元素随着土壤迁入湖泊。由于沉积物和土壤物化条件的不同 ,它们的营养元素和重金属含量有差异。土壤中氮、磷的总量和有效态均比沉积物中高 ,表明有一部分营养物质进入了水体 ;营养元素高的沉积物均靠近城镇 ,其原因为居民生活污水排放。土壤和沉积物中多数重金属元素尚未超过自然背景值 ,只有沉积物中Cd和Pb ,土壤中的Cu、Cd和Hg超过。但沉积物中重金属元素大多比土壤中高 ,特别在北部沿岸沉积物中 ,重金属元素含量大大超过平均值 ,这种不正常的高值是由人类不合理的废水。The sediments of the Taihu Lake and adjacent soils have the similar compositions and therefore the same material resources. The nutritive elements and heavy metals in soils can be carried into the lake by runoff. Based on analysis data, the differences of nutritive element and heavy metal can be observed. This is the result of the different physiochemical conditions. The total nitrogen and total phosphorous and their effective ones in soils are higher than those in sediments, which suggests that a part of nutritive materials enter into the water column. The high concentrations of nutritive element in sediments stem from lake bays nearby cities and towns where the discharge of living sewage flow directly into the lake. Most of heavy metals do not exceed the natural background level except Cd and Pb in sediments and Cu, Cd, Hg in soils. The contents of most heavy metals in sediments are higher than those in soils, showing an enriching trend in sediments. The heavy metals in sediments near the shore have much more the exceeding average values of the whole lake. These heavy metals result from the sewage water and waste gases by human activities.

关 键 词：沉积物 土壤 污染元素 太湖 营养元素 氮磷 环境变化效应 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]