思想改造运动与20世纪中国科学的转折——以科学家的自我批判为中心的初步讨论  

The Thought Reform Movement and the Transformation of Science in 20th Century China——A Case Study on the Scientists' Self-criticism

作　　者：王扬宗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2016年第1期1-14,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：作者通过分析中国科学家在1951—1952年思想改造运动中的自我批判的模式与内容,包括对"超阶级"、"纯技术观点"和"为科学而科学"思想的批判,对"个人主义"、"宗派主义"和"作客思想"的检讨,以及对"亲美崇美恐美"思想的批判,探讨了思想改造运动与20世纪中国科学发展道路之转变的关系。作者认为,思想改造运动深刻地影响了20世纪的中国科学的发展方向,奠定了中国当代科技政策和科技体制的思想基础,改变和重塑了中国科学家的学术生涯。思想改造运动深远的影响、严重的后果和沉痛的教训,仍有待进一步认识和揭示。Through analysis of the mode and content of Chinese scientists' self-criticisms during the Thought Reform Movement of 1951—1952,including criticism of so-called 'super class','purely technical point of view'and'science for science sake'thinking,the review of'individualism','sectarianism'and the'guest style',and criticism of'close,worship and fear of the United States'thinking,the author discusses the relationship between the Thought Reform Movement and the transformation of science in mid-20 th Century China. The author points out that the Thought Reform Movement profoundly affected the scientific enterprise at this time,laying the ideological foundation of China's science and technology policy and system,and changing and reshaping the academic careers of Chinese scientists. The profound influence,worst consequences and painful lessons of the Movement remain to be investigated and understood further.

关 键 词：中国现代科学 思想改造运动 转折 科学家 自我批判 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]