蚂蚁与蚁运植物的互惠共生关系  

Mutualism Between Ants and Myrmecochores

作　　者：张智英[1] 李玉辉[2] 赵志模[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,云南昆明650091 [2]云南师范大学地理系,云南昆明650092 [3]西南农业大学植物保护系,重庆400716

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2002年第5期437-443,共7页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：中国科学院重大项目 (KZ95 1-A1-10 4);云南省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 99D0 0 0 4R);云南大学科研基金资助项目

摘　　要：蚁运植物 (myrmecochore)即指种子靠蚂蚁携带散布的植物。在长期的协同进化中 ,蚂蚁与蚁运植物形成了互惠共生关系。由于蚁运植物种子上附生有蚂蚁喜食的油质体 ,蚂蚁取食油质体后 ,将种子丢弃在蚁巢附近 ,从而使植物得以扩散。蚁运植物广布全世界 ,但主要分布在澳大利亚和南非。蚂蚁主要搬运草本植物和部分灌木植物的种子。对蚂蚁与蚁运植物互惠共生关系的研究表明 :蚂蚁的搬运有利于保护和传播植物种子 ;蚁巢有利于种子萌发、出苗和建群 ;蚂蚁的搬运是影响某些温带森林群落结构的重要因素之一 ;A myrmecochore is the plant whose seed is dispersed by ants.During long coordinating evolution,a mutualism has been developed between the ants and myrmecochores.The relationship between them means the following:①myrmecochores develop elaiosome which is an external appendage on seeds and ants favorite food;②ants eat the elaiosome and leave the seed nearby their nests,which results in such plants dispersing.Myrmecochores distribute worldwide,but a great number of them have been mainly discovered in Australia and South Africa.Seeds removed by ants are mainly ones of herbs and shrubs.The study on the mutualism has showed that the seed dispersal by the ant is favorable for the seed protection,and ants nests are good for the seed germinating,seedling and community formation.The seed dispersal by the ant is an important factor affecting some communities structure of temperate forests.The mutualism also plays an important role in restoration of natural communities.

关 键 词：蚂蚁 蚁运植物 互惠共生关系 种子传播 

分 类 号：Q969.554.1[生物学—昆虫学]