“两控区”城市降水、降尘中重金属元素分布特征及其相关性——以都匀市为例  

Distribution Characteristics and Correlations of Heavy Metals in Wet and Dry Depositions in Sulfur and Acid-rain Control Zone City: A Case Study of Duyun

作　　者：杨慧妮[1] 李金娟[1] 郭兴强[1] 刘小春[1] 阴丽淑 YANG Huini;LI Jinjuan;GUO Xingqiang;LIU Xiaochun;YIN Lishu(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第9期1487-1492,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41265008);贵州省环境保护厅环境科技项目(黔环科[2011]6号);贵州省重点学科建设项目(黔学位合字ZDXK[2016]11号)

摘　　要：为了解“两控区”降水、降尘中重金属元素的污染现状及其在大气作用过程中的相互影响，于2015年3月—2016年2月，对“两控区”贵州都匀市降水、降尘样品分别进行逐次和逐月采集，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对样品中重金属元素（Zn、Mn、As、Cu、Ni、V、Cr、Cd等）进行测定，分析样品中重金属元素的季节分布特征，并对同一种元素在降水和降尘中的相关性进行探讨。研究结果表明：降水中重金属元素的质量浓度范围为0.08~13.80μg·L-1，其中Zn质量浓度最高，其次依次为Mn、As、Cu、Ni、V、Cr、Cd；与《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅰ类水体标准相比，降水中的重金属元素均未超标；降尘中Cu、As、Cd、Zn较富集，分别为土壤背景值的381.0、2.6、2.7、1.2倍。从季节变化看，降水中多数重金属元素表现为夏季最低，春季最高，降尘中重金属元素的季节变化不明显。降水、降尘中Zn、Mn、As、Cu、Ni、V、Cr、Cd等的沉降量随季节变化具有相似规律性，相关系数分别为0.70、0.66、0.97、0.78、0.53、0.43、0.94、0.67，主要与降雨强度、元素的赋存形态及其在气溶胶中的粒径分布有关。In order to understand the pollution levels of heavy metals in wet and dry depositions samples in acid-rain control zoneand the interaction between the heavy metals in wet and dry depositions during the atmospheric process, wet and dry depositionsamples were collected successively and monthly from March 2015 to February 2016 in Duyun city, Guizhou Province. Heavymetals (Zn, Mn, As, Cu, Ni, V, Cr, Cd) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Seasonalvariation of heavy metals were explained, and the correlation of the same element in wet and dry depositions were discussed. Theresults indicated that the mass concentration of heavy metals in wet depositions ranged from 0.08μg·L-1 to 13.80μg·L-1, and Zn hadthe highest concentration, followed by Mn, As, Cu, Ni, V, Cr and Cd. Compared toⅠclass water in the surface water environmentquality standards, the measured heavy metals in wet deposition did not exceed the standard. Cu, As, Cd and Zn were the majorfraction of the heavy metals in dry depositions, and the concentration of these heavy metals were 381.0, 2.6, 2.7 and 1.2 times as thebackground values in soil. For seasonal variations, most heavy metals in wet depositions showed the highest concentration in springwhile the lowest in summer. However, there was no significant seasonal variations in dry depositions. In wet and dry depositionssamples, heavy metals such as Zn, Mn, As, Cu, Ni, V, Cr, Cd demonstrated similar seasonal variations. Coefficients of correlationwere 0.70, 0.66, 0.97, 0.78, 0.53, 0.43, 0.94, 0.67 respectively, which primarily related to rainfall intensity, existence forms and sizedistribution.

关 键 词：降水 降尘 重金属元素 分布特征 相关性 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]