江河源区高寒草地畜牧业生态效率及影响因素  

Eco-efficiency of grassland-based animal husbandry and its determinants in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

作　　者：朱付彪[1,2] 方一平[1,2] 宜树华[3] 虞虎[4] ZHU Fu-biao;FANG Yi-ping;YI Shu-hua;YU Hu(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049, China;Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第1期310-318,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2013CBA01808);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAC05B01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41571523)

摘　　要：以江河源区为案例地,结合超效率DEA和Malmquist DEA模型考察高寒草地畜牧业生态效率时空变化,并分析其影响因素.结果表明:生态效率空间差异明显.2013年玉树、称多和囊谦超效率值较高,达日、玛多和唐古拉山镇超效率值较低,其他各县生态效率水平介于两者之间.生态效率动态变化可以划分3个阶段,1994-2002年为平稳上升阶段,2003-2006年为分化阶段,2007-2013年为急剧上升阶段.生态效率上升主要源于技术进步和规模效率提升,资本、降水和劳动力则是主要影响因素.需加大科技投入,提高技术和管理水平,提高劳动者素质;加强草原水利设施、人工草地和畜棚建设;加强草地生态和冻土保护,并完善畜牧业发展政策.Taking the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers as case and using both super-efficiency DEA andMalmquist DEA models,spatiotemporal changes in the eco-efficiency of grassland-based animal husbandry and itsdeterminants were analysed.The results showed that there was a significant spatial difference in the eco-efficiency.In2013,Yushu City,Chengduo County and Nangqian County experienced relatively high the super-efficiency,while DariCounty,Maduo County and Tanggulashan Town were relatively low the super-efficiency.Based on the changes in spaceand time,the eco-efficiency was divided into three sequential stages:a steadily rising stage during the period1994~2002,a differentiating stage during the period2003~2006,and a rapidly rising stage during the period2007~2013.It was furtherdemonstrated that the eco-efficiency depended heavily on the technological progress and scale efficiency.And capital,precipitation and labor force were the determinants of the eco-efficiency.Therefore,increasing investment in science andtechnology;improving the technological and management level and labor quality;constructing water conservancyfacilities,pastureland and livestock shelter;strengthening the protection of grassland ecosystem and frozen soil,will bemost effective in the long term when they are complemented by appropriate public policies.

关 键 词：草地畜牧业 生态效率 DEA 冻土 气候变化 江河源区 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]