甘肃中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作对土壤化学和生物学性质的影响  

Effect of continuous potato monoculture on soil chemical and biological *properties in Yellow River Irrigation Area in central Gansu Province

作　　者：刘星[1,2] 邱慧珍[1] 张文明[1] 张春红[1] 朱静[1] 马兴[1] 程万莉 LIU Xing;QIU Huizhen;ZHANG Wenming;ZHANG Chunhong;ZHU Jing;MA Xing;CHENG Wanli(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,新乡453003

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第4期581-593,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B03);国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-P18);甘肃省科技重大专项(1102NKDA025)资助~~

摘　　要：甘肃中部沿黄灌区是全国重要的加工型马铃薯和种薯生产基地,但集约化种植带来的连作障碍问题已严重影响到产业的健康发展。设置不同连作年限(0~5年)马铃薯种植处理,通过田间试验评估连作对土壤化学和生物学性质的影响,探讨马铃薯连作的土壤障碍因子。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量随连作年限延长逐渐降低,而碱解氮和速效钾含量以及电导率与之相反;连作显著增加土壤速效磷含量,但对全氮含量、碳氮比和p H无明显影响。长期连作(3~5年)较非连作(0年)土壤平均酶活性显著降低33.07%~61.78%,脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性亦随连作年限延长逐渐降低。长期连作降低土壤微生物生物量碳含量,土壤基础呼吸量和FDA水解活性与连作年限呈极显著负相关。Biolog ECO分析显示,长期连作显著降低土壤微生物总活性和功能多样性,Shannon多样性指数较非连作降低11.75%~13.65%。碳源利用图谱分析表明,连作明显改变土壤微生物群落结构,碳水化合物是区分不同连作年限土壤微生物群落结构差异的最敏感碳源类型;长期连作显著降低土壤微生物对碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、羧酸类和胺类碳源的相对利用率,且土壤微生物对单一碳源的利用呈现集中化的趋势。线性逐步回归分析和通径分析表明,土壤微生物群落结构、微生物生物量碳、全氮和脱氢酶对块茎产量有显著影响,以微生物群落结构贡献最大,微生物生物量碳次之。土壤微生物因子变化可能是导致甘肃中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作障碍发生的重要原因。The irrigation area along the Yellow River in central Gansu Province is an important growing region of processing potato and seed potato in China. Continuous potato monoculture (CPM) stemming from intensive cultivation has severely affected the healthy development of local potato industry. It is necessary to increase our understanding about the barrier associated with CPM. To that, a long-term field experiment was conducted, which contained 5 potato cropping treatments corresponding to continuous potato cropping for 1–5 years, with maize-potato rotation cropping as the control. In the study, we focused on how the soil chemical and biological properties changed in CPM system, and which soil variables contributed principally to the barriers of CPM. The study showed that contrary to alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, NH4OAc extractable potassium and electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon content gradually decreased with increasing years of CPM. Also compared with the control, CPM significantly increased soil NaHCO3 extractable phosphorus content. However, there were nosignificant changes in total nitrogen, C/N ratio and pH. Compared with the control, long-term CPM (over 3–5 years) decreasedmean soil enzyme activity by 33.07%–61.78%. The activities of urease, sucrose and dehydrogenase decreased with increasing years of CPM. Long-term CPM decreased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon, while both soil basal respiration and FDA hydrolysis activity exhibited highly significant linear negative correlation with the number of year of CPM. Results ofBiolog ECO assessment indicated that long-term CPM significantly decreased total activity and function diversity of soilmicrobes, where Shannon diversity index for long-term CPM decreased by 11.75%–13.65% compared with the control. Principal component analysis of carbon utilization profile of soil microbes showed that long-term CPM clearly changed the structure ofsoil microbial community compared with the control. Among the 6 groups of carbon source substrates

关 键 词：马铃薯 连作 土壤化学性质 生物学性质 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学] S154.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]