中国人口健康分布的时空变化与影响因素  

Spatio-temporal variations of population health distribution in China and its influencing factors

作　　者：杨振[1,2] 刘会敏[1,2] 王晓霞[1,2] YANG Zhen;LIU Hui-min;WANG Xiao-xia(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;Key Laboratory of Geological Process Analysis and Simulation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [2]地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2017年第2期161-168,共8页World Regional Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301187;71103073);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU15A02048)

摘　　要：该文利用最近3次人口普查获得的资料,对我国省级层面的人口健康分布的时空变化特征与影响因素进行分析。结果表明:1)近20年我国居民总体的健康状况得到较大改善,但人均预期寿命存在明显的省际差异,呈现西部较低、中部次之、东部最高的空间梯度特征,差异程度随时间不断降低;2)各地区健康分布并非表现出完全的随机性,而是在总体上呈现出一定的空间集聚趋势,但集聚趋势随时间变化有所弱化;3)地区人均预期寿命的增加速度与初始水平负相关,初始水平较低的地区增速普遍高于初始水平较高的省区,空间收敛趋势明显;4)人均GDP、食物支出占比、森林覆盖率与废水处理达标率等指标较高的地区的预期寿命相对较高,城市化的快速推进与医疗设施禀赋变化对人口健康的净效应总体为负。Using the recent three census data,this paper analyzed the spatialand temporal variations of provincial distribution of population health inChina and its influencing factors.The results showed that:1)Chinese residents'overall health has been improved in the past20years,but the provincialaverage life expectancy was significantly different,which present thegradient decrease trend from the east area to the western area.2)The regionaldistribution of health is not completely random.It shows the spatial agglomerationtrend on the whole,although the agglomeration trend have weakened.3)The increasing rate of regional life expectancy is negatively relatedto the initial level,which means that the increasing rate of low initial-levelprovinces are higher than those of the high initial-level provinces.Andthe provincial health disparities is decreasing.4)The principal componentsregression showed that per capita GDP,food expenditure rate,the forest coveragerate,the effluent treatment rate and other indicators are the main factorsinfluencing the regional life expectancy.Due to urbanization,the problemssuch as traffic congestion,environmental pollution,marketization ofmedical reform has resulted in difficulty and high cost of treatment,whichexplains why the index of urbanization and medical facilities are negativelyrelated to local health level.

关 键 词：健康分布 时空变化 空间关联 收敛性 影响因素 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]