洞庭湖沉积物中持久性有机有毒物质的分布、评价与源解析  

Distribution,assessment and sources analysis of persistent organic toxic chemicals in sediments of Dongting Lake

作　　者：杨海君[1] 张海涛[1] 刘亚宾[1] 许云海[1] 黄钟霆 YANG Hai-jun;ZHANG Hai-tao;LIU Ya-bin;XU Yun-hai;HUANG Zhong-ting(College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Environmental Monitoring Station of Hunan Province,Changsha 410014, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省环境监测站中心站,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第4期1530-1539,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2016JJ5015);长沙市科技计划项目(K1403022-31)

摘　　要：为揭示洞庭湖沉积物中六氯环己烷(HCHs)、双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征及其来源,评价存在的生态风险,于2015年12月采集洞庭湖沅江市南嘴等31个点位0~20cm沉积物,测定了沉积物样品中HCHs、DDTs、PAHs的含量.结果发现,南洞庭湖点位ΣHCHs和ΣPAHs含量变化最大,西洞庭湖点位ΣPDTs和ΣOCPs含量变化最大;沉积物中HCHs的空间分布为东洞庭含量最高,其次为东洞庭湖与南洞庭湖的交界处,其它区域HCHs含量较低,DDTs含量除了在西洞庭湖北部含量较低外,其它区域DDTs含量都相对较高,并出现了多个高值区域,PAHs含量空间分布的最大值出现在东洞庭湖与南洞庭湖交界处,其次为西洞庭湖北部和中部区域;污染源分析发现,洞庭湖沉积物中的23种有机化合物聚类归为3类,而31个监测点归为4类.所有样品中α-HCH/γ-HCH的比值为0.66左右,可以认为洞庭湖沉积物中的HCHs来源于农业生产,并有林丹的使用.而p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT的比值发现,沉积物中有新的DDTs输入,比值法得出沉积物中的PAHs主要来自于燃烧源和石油源的污染.风险评价发现,苊烯(Acy)在洞庭湖中存在轻微污染,其它环芳烃在沉积物中不存在污染,而沉积物中o,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDT和SDDTs残留量存在一定的生态风险,此外苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BkF)、苯并[ghi]苝(B ghiP)、茚并[1,2,3-cd]BE(IncdP)、α-C_6H_6Cl_6、β-C_6H_6Cl_6、δ-C_6H_6Cl_6及EHCHs残留量均有一定检出,应引起重视.In order to reveal the distribution characteristics and the sources of HCHs,DDTs and PAHs in sediments of Dongting lake,and assess their ecological risk,this study investigated the contents of HCHs,DDTs and PAHs in sediments(0~20cm)from31sample sites of Dongting Lake(Nanzui Town,Yuanjiang city)in Dec,2015.The results showed that theΣHCHs andΣPAHs content variation in South Dongting Lake was the highest,and the highest content variation ofΣDDTs andΣOCPs was in West Dongting Lake.Based on the spatial distribution,the content of HCHs inEast Dongting Lake was the highest,the next was on the border between East Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake,and the other areas were low.The contents of DDTs in other areas were relatively high except the north part of West Dongting Lake,and some high value areas were found.The maximum content value of PAHs was found on the border between East Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake,the second was the north and the central part of West Dongting Lake.Pollution sources analysis found that those23kinds of compounds clustering in sediments of Dongting Lake could be classified into three categories,and31monitoring points could be classified into four categories.Since theα-HCH/γ-HCH in all samples was0.66,with the finding of lindane,it could be inferred that HCHs in the sediments of Dongting Lake mainly came from agricultural production.While,according to the p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT,new DDTs input had been found in the sediments.The study also suggested that the major sources of PAHs in sediments were coal and petroleum combustion and petroleum leakage.At last,by the risk assessment,Acy had caused slight pollution in the Dongting Lake,while other PAH had no effect.However,the residues of o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDT andΣDDTs would pose ecological risk.Furthermore,the detection of the residues of BbF,BkF,B ghi P,Incd P,α-C6H6Cl6,β-C6H6Cl6,δ-C6H6Cl6andΣHCHs should be seriously considered as well.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 沉积物 有机有毒物质 分布 评价 源解析 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]