稻-稻-油菜轮作对土壤微生物活性和多样性的影响  

Influence of Microbial Diversity and Activity of Soil on the Rice-rice-rape Rotation

作　　者：张立成[1] 邵继海[1] 林毅青[1] 匡晓琳 张卉灵 卿纯 马力[1] 姚帮松[1,2] ZHANG Licheng;SHAO Jihai;LIN Yiqing;KUANG Xiaolin;ZHANG Huiling;QIN Chun;MA Li;YAO Bangsong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学工学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第2期204-210,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31272248);国际科技合作项目(2013DFG91190)

摘　　要：水稻(Oryza sativa L.)和油菜(Brassica campestris L.)轮作是中国南方地区常见的耕作制度,其优点在于能够提高农业土地利用率和增强土壤生产力,且能改变土壤生态环境。轮作栽培土壤生态环境的改变对作物生长具有益的作用,而土壤中微生物的变化是土壤生态环境改变的重要因素。因此,研究土壤微生物活性和多样性可为水稻和油菜轮作栽培对土壤质地的影响能够提供理论依据,对维持良好的土壤环境生态系统和农田可持续耕作具有重要的现实意义。以浏阳(短期试验:3 a)和安仁(长期试验:30 a)两地的稻-稻-油菜轮作土壤为研究对象,选取稻-稻连作土壤作为对照比较,分别于2015年7月、10月和2016年4月取样测定稻-稻-油菜轮作和稻-稻连作土壤微生物量碳、氮含量。结果表明:就所测得的浏阳土壤微生物量碳含量而言,稻-稻-油菜轮作比稻-稻连作分别高出16.99%、15.26%、32.33%,安仁土壤则分别高出26.38%、20.18%、35.74%;就所测得的浏阳土壤微生物量氮含量而言,稻-稻-油菜轮作比稻-稻连作分别高出34.63%、17.80%、33.81%,安仁土壤则分别高出14.29%、15.31%、14.58%。采用Biolog ECO技术分析土壤微生物多样性,结果表明浏阳和安仁两地稻-稻-油菜轮作和稻-稻连作土壤平均吸光值(AWCD)变化趋势相同,稻-稻-油菜轮作土壤AWCD值大于稻-稻连作,表明稻-稻-油菜轮作提高了土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。研究结果表明稻-稻-油菜轮作显著提高了土壤微生物丰富度指数,而对均匀度和优势度指数影响不显著。通过主成分分析可知,3个不同时期土壤微生物对碳源的利用以糖类、羧酸类、氨基酸类为主。Rice(Oryza sativa L.)-rape(Brassica campestris L.)intercropping is a routine farming practice in Southern China,and itsadvantage includes the increased land use efficiency and productivity as well as improving the soil environment.The improvement inthe soil environment is beneficial to crop growth,which is mainly resulted from the changes in soil microbial communities duringintercropping.For these reasons research on the soil microbial activity and biodiversity can provide important evidence forimproving rice-rape intercropping farming practice,and is very important for maintaining a better soil environment and sustainablefarming.Two sites were selected in this study which are located in Liuyang and Anren in Hunan,China to compare therice-rice-canola intercropping with continuous rice farming as the control to investigate the microbial activity and biodiversity in thesoils.The two sites had different histories of research on intercropping,i.e.,3years in Liuyang and30years in Anren.In the presentstudy data collection was carried out in July and October2015and April2016to measure carbon and nitrogen contents in soilmicrobes.The results show that compared to continuous rice farming the carbon contents in soil microbes following rice-rice-rapeintercropping are higher by16.99%,15.26%and32.33%,respectively,in Liuyang,and26.38%、20.18%、35.74%,respectively,inAnren;the nitrogen contents in soil microbes are higher by34.63%,17.80%,33.81%,respectively,in Liuyang,and14.29%,15.31%,14.58%,respectively,in Anren.The results on biodiversity of the soil microbial communities at the two sites revealed by BiologECO techniques show that the trends in terms of the AWCD are similar,but the value of the AWCD in rice-rice-rape intercropping ishigher than that for continuous rice farming,indicating that rice-rice-rape intercropping promotes the use of carbon by soil microbes.Our study suggests that rice-rice-rape intercropping significantly increases the soil microbial biodiversity with no obvious increase inthe uniformity and dominanc

关 键 词：水稻 油菜 连作 轮作 土壤微生物 生物多样性 土壤碳 土壤氮 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]