近代黄河三角洲植被覆盖度时空变化分析  

Temporal and Spatial Variation of vegetation fraction in the Modern Yellow River Delta

作　　者：路广[1] 韩美[1] 王敏[1] 朱琳[1] 李慧婷[1] LU Guang;HAN Mei;WANG Min;ZHU Lin;LI Huiting(College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第3期422-428,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371517);山东省科技攻关计划项目(2013GSF11706)

摘　　要：为了深化研究近代黄河三角洲植被演化规律与机理,指导该地区合理开发和保护植被资源,选用Landsat等卫星遥感数据结合野外调查数据,利用像元二分模型估算并分析了该地区1986—2015年长时间序列植被覆盖度时空变化过程及影响因素(水分条件、盐分条件、人类活动)。结果表明,该地区近30年植被覆盖度时空变化明显,(1)空间变化上,植被覆盖度呈现由西南向东北递减,由河流两岸向沿海递减的趋势,并且随着时间变化,这两种趋势越来越明显。随着人类活动加强,植被覆盖破碎化显著。(2)时间变化上,1986—2015年该地区植被覆盖度总体呈上升趋势,由1986年的36.77%上升为2015年的37.83%。中高、高植被覆盖面积增幅最大,达到314.96 km^2。低植被覆盖度区逐渐转为高植被覆盖度区,特别是2001—2015年,随着研究区生态环境逐渐变化,转化速度逐渐加快。(3)环境因子与植被覆盖度具有一定的相关性,采用基于像元的空间分析法分析不同时滞月降水量与近代黄河三角洲植被覆盖度相关性,发现月降水量与植被覆盖度有较大关系。通过遥感指数构建土壤反演模型,得到盐分空间分布,并进行相关性分析,发现土壤盐分与植被覆盖度相关性系数为-0.331(P<0.02),近代黄河三角洲盐碱化对植被生长有一定阻碍作用。人类活动对植被覆盖度的影响主要以农业为主,通过对植被覆盖度与耕地进行相关性分析,得相关性系数为0.452(P<0.02),近代黄河三角洲耕地的开发,在一定程度上促进了该地区植被覆盖度的恢复。In order to deepen the research on the evolution and mechanism of vegetation in the the Yellow River Delta,and to guide the rational development and protection of vegetation resources,the process and influencing factors(moisture,salt conditions,human activities)of temporal and spatial variation of vegetation fraction from1986to2015were estimated and analyzed using two pixel model basing on Landsat satellite remote sensing data and field survey data.The results showed that the vegetation in recent30years the area coverage had changed significantly,(1)As for the spatial variation,the vegetation fraction decreased from southwest to northeast and from river sides to the coastal,and the trends became evident with the time.The vegetation cover was significantly fragmented with the enhancement of human activities.(2)As for the temporal variation,the vegetation fraction of the area increased from36.77%in1986to37.83%in2015.In the middle high and high vegetation fraction area increased314.96km2,more than other types.Low vegetation fraction area gradually turned into high vegetation fraction area,especially in2001-2015,the conversion rate gradually accelerated with the improvement of the ecological environment in the study area.And(3)vegetation fraction had a certain correlation with environmental factors.The correlation coefficient between monthly precipitation and vegetation fraction is analyzed by using the spatial analysis method in the modern Yellow River Delta,and showed that there was a great relationship between monthly precipitation and vegetation fraction.The soil inversion model was constructed by remote sensing index,and the spatial distribution of salinity was obtained.The correlation coefficient between soil salinity and vegetation fraction was-0.331(P<0.02).The effect of human activities on vegetation fraction was mainly agriculture,and the correlation coefficient was0.452(P<0.02)by the correlation analysis between vegetation fraction and cultivated land.

关 键 词：植被覆盖度 水分条件 盐分条件 人类活动 遥感 近代黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]