硝化抑制剂对覆膜稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响  

Effect of Nitrification Inhibitor Application on CH_4 and N_2O Emissions from Plastic Mulching Rice Fields

作　　者：于海洋[1,2] 杨玉婷[1,2] 马静[1] 徐华[1] 吕世华[3] 袁江[3] 董瑜皎[3] YU Haiyang;YANG Yuting;MA Jing;XU Hua;LV Shihua;YUAN Jiang;DONG Yujiao(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Sichuan Agriculture Sciences Academy, Chengdu 610066, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所//土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第3期461-467,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271259;41571232);中国科学院南京土壤研究所领域前沿项目(ISSASIP1652);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金课题(Y20160039)

摘　　要：为明确硝化抑制剂对覆膜稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响,采用静态箱-气相色谱法和荧光定量PCR技术研究了双氰胺(Dicyandiamide,DCD)和2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(Nitrapyrin,CP)两种硝化抑制剂的配施(处理为:覆膜施用尿素,PM;覆膜施用尿素配施DCD,PM+DCD;覆膜施用尿素配施CP,PM+CP)对覆膜栽培下稻田CH_4和N_2O排放及其相关功能菌群落丰度的影响。结果表明:整个水稻生长期,配施DCD(PM+DCD)显著降低N_2O季节总排放(P<0.05),降幅达24%,提高CH_4季节总排放(P>0.05);配施CP(PM+CP)同时降低CH_4和N_2O的季节总排放,降幅均为11%。CH_4排放主要集中在水稻分蘖盛期,此阶段,配施DCD显著提高产甲烷菌群落丰度,降低甲烷氧化菌群落丰度(P<0.05),而配施CP则降低产甲烷菌群落丰度,显著提高甲烷氧化菌群落丰度(P<0.05),这可能是由于配施DCD提高了CH_4排放总量而配施CP降低了CH_4排放。在N_2O排放集中时期(水稻生长前期),配施DCD和CP均降低了氨氧化菌群落丰度,显著提高了反硝化菌群落丰度的趋势(P<0.05)。配施DCD(PM+DCD)、配施CP(PM+CP)和覆膜栽培(PM)处理的碳交易成本GWP-cost分别为831、735和822 yuan·hm^(-2);温室气体排放强度GHGI分别为0.69、0.61和0.70 t·t^(-1);产量分别为9.20、9.24和9.00 t·hm^(-2)。因此,综合考虑温室气体效应和经济效益,覆膜栽培稻田模式下,配施CP可以保证增产和减排,值得推广。The research determined the effects of two nitrification inhibitors-Dicyandiamide(DCD)and Nitrapyrin(CP)-on the CH4and N2O emissions,and on the abundance of related functional bacteria in plastic mulching paddy fields using the method Static chamber-gas chromatogram and Real-time PCR.Three were three treatments:only urea(PM),urea and DCD(PM+DCD),urea and CP(PM+CP).The results indicated that the application of DCD(PM+DCD)significantly decreased the total N2O emissions(24%)during the whole rice growing season,while slightly increased total CH4emissions.The application of CP(PM+CP)decreased the total emissions of CH4(11%)and N2O(11%).CH4emissions were mainly in the stage of fully tilling,in which the application of DCD significantly increased the abundance of methanogens and decreased the abundance of methanotrophs,while the application of CP decreased the abundance of methanogens and significantly increased the abundance of methanotrophs.This is may be the reason why the application of DCD,slightly increased CH4emissions and the application of CP reduced CH4emissions.The application of DCD and CP tended to decrease the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and significantly increased the abundance of denitrifiers during the main period of the emission of N2O(pre-season).The average values of GWP-cost in PM+DCD,PM+CP and PM treatments were831,735and822yuan*hm"2,respectively.GHGI of these three treatments were0.69,0.60and0.70tt-1grain,respectively,and their yield were9.20,9.24and9.00t*hm"2,respectively.Therefore,considering lower greenhouse gas emissions and economic benefits,the application of CP could be the better way to be popularizing widely in plastic mulching rice fields.

关 键 词：硝化抑制剂 覆膜稻田 CH4和N2O排放 产甲烷菌 甲烷氧化菌 硝化和反硝化菌 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]