入侵蓝藻——拟柱胞藻的分布特征及生理生态研究进展  

Review of the Distribution and Ecophysiology of An Invasive Cyanobacterial Species, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

作　　者：雷腊梅[1] 雷敏婷 赵莉[1] 阮紫曦 于婷[1] 彭亮[1] 韩博平[1] LEI Lamei;LEI Minting;ZHAO Li;RUAN Zixi;YU Ting;PENG Liang;HAN Boping(Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生命科学技术学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第3期531-537,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省水利科技创新项目(2016-29);广东省科技计划项目(2013B091300015)

摘　　要：拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)因能产生蓝藻毒素、形成水华并具入侵特性,导致严重的公众健康和环境安全问题而在近年备受关注。拟柱胞藻被认为是热带特征性种类,但在过去的20多年中,研究发现该藻广泛出现在包括北欧在内的亚热带和温带地区水体,这表明拟柱胞藻已成为一个广布性入侵种类。系统地理学研究确认该藻属热带起源,提出两个假说解释其在世界范围内的扩散。拟柱胞藻的成功入侵被认为与该藻的生理生态可塑性有关,该藻喜好高温,耐阴性强,但却可以耐受较宽的温度和光强波动,这种适应性是其在温带到热带水体都广泛存在的基础。拟柱孢藻在氮利用上被认为是广幅种,可利用NH_4^+、NO_3^-、有机氮等不同形态的氮以解决缺氮危机;在氮不足的环境中,它能形成异形胞自行固氮而获得生长优势。拟柱孢藻拥有快速吸收和储存无机磷的能力以适应低磷环境,故其可在磷浓度极低的环境中占据优势。此外,拟柱孢藻的产毒能力可能有助于其营养摄取和捕食防御,其他因子如盐度、化感作用都可能在拟柱胞藻的地理扩散中起重要作用。文章较全面地总结了拟柱胞藻对不同环境因子的适应性,阐明了该藻入侵的生理生态策略。Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii has been extensively studied and gained considerable attention for its toxicity,bloom formation and invasiveness,which have posed a serious problem to public and environmental health.C.raciborskii is typically ascribed to tropical distribution,but there are recent reports of its appearance in subtropical and temperate regions including northern Europe,which suggest that C.raciborskii has acquired the status of a cosmopolitan species.Phylogeography studies have confirmed a tropical origin of C.raciborskii and proposed two hypotheses on the worldwide dispersion of this species.The invasive success of C.raciborskii may be due to its ecophysiological plasticity.Although C.raciborskii prefers to higher temperatures and exhibits superior shade tolerance,this cyanobacteria is known to tolerate wide range of temperature and light intensity that may result in its global existence in tropical,subtropical and temperate regions.C.raciborskii is considered a generalist in terms of nitrogen usage because it can utilize different forms of nitrogen including ammonia,nitrate and urea,and under nitrogen limitation the heterocyst will be produced for N2fixation,leading to this species’dominance.C.raciborskii has both a high uptake rate and high storage capacity for phosphorus which gives it an ecological advantage under low phosphorus conditions.The toxin production of C.raciborskii may play a role in nutrient uptake and grazing defense,and other factors,such as salinity and allelopathy,may also be important to its global expansion.This review comprehensively focuses on the adaptation of C.raciborskii to different environmental factors and try to elucidate the ecophysiological strategies favoring its spreading and invasion.

关 键 词：拟柱胞藻 分布 生理生态 人侵 

分 类 号：Q949.22[生物学—植物学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]