从汉语虚词角度考察马王堆医书的成书时代  

An Examination of Completion Time of Ma Wangdui's Medical Books from Perspective of Chinese Function Words

作　　者：程文文[1] 张海艳[2] CHENG Wenwen;ZHANG Haiyan(School of Arts, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China;Chongqing Library, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学文学院,重庆沙坪坝401331 [2]重庆市图书馆,重庆沙坪坝400031

出　　处：《铜仁学院学报》2017年第5期73-76,共4页Journal of Tongren University

基　　金：2016年度重庆师范大学博士科研启动项目"简帛医书语法研究"(16XWB010);重庆市社会科学规划项目"先秦两汉简帛医书词汇语义系统研究"(2016BS071);"巴蜀碑刻存佚研究"(2016BS018)

摘　　要：马王堆医书乃简帛医书之最大宗者,其成书年代自然也是学界极为关注的重要问题。学界一般认为马王堆医书成书于春秋战国之际甚至更早。我们在全面清理马王堆医书虚词系统的基础上,发现数词"两"和"二",语气词"乎",副词"莫",连词"有"等虚词的使用情况反映的是战国末期产生的语言新质,从而可以判断其成书时代不早于战国末期,学界认为其成书于春秋战国之际甚至更早的说法不能成立。The medical books by Ma Wangdui are of the greatest number among all silk medical books.The time of their completion has always been the focus of concern of the academic circle.It is generally believed that the medical books of Ma Wangdui were completed during or before the period joining the Spring-Autumn and the Warring States.After a thorough examination of the function word system in the medical books of Ma Wangdui,we found that the use of“two”or“twin”as the numeral,“hu”as the modal particle,“no”as the adverb and“with”as the conjunction was emergent properties of language at the end of the Warring States.Based on this,it is presumably that the time of completion of those medical books is no earlier than the end of the Warring States period.It is argued that the statement that medical books of Ma Wangdui were completed during or before the period joining the Spring-Autumn and the Warring States is ungrounded.

关 键 词：虚词 马王堆医书 成书时代 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]