辽宁地区两种菊科入侵植物与本地植物光合特性比较  

Comparison of gas exchange characteristics between two invasive plants and a co-occurring native plant in Liaoning Province

作　　者：魏子上 陈新微 杨殿林[1] 皇甫超河[1,2] HUANGFU Chaohe;WEI Zishang;CHEN Xinwei;YANG Dianlin(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China;College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第7期975-982,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金项目(12JCQNJC09800)资助~~

摘　　要：为明确外来植物生理生态学性状及其与其强入侵性的关系,本研究采用野外原位气体交换参数测定的方法,分析了菊科入侵植物豚草、三裂叶豚草与其共生本地植物紫菀光合特性和叶片性状的差异。结果表明,豚草、三裂叶豚草、紫菀3种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均高于800μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),且两种入侵植物的LSP显著高于紫菀,表观量子效率(AQY)则显著低于紫菀;3种植物的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))大小顺序为豚草>三裂叶豚草>紫菀,其中,豚草和三裂叶豚草的P_(nmax)分别比紫菀高出151.28%、82.80%,且差异显著。两种入侵植物的比叶面积(SLA)、叶片的单位质量氮含量(N_(mass))、叶片单位质量磷含量(P_(mass))、光合能量利用效率(PEUE)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)均显著高于紫菀,但3者叶片单位质量建成成本(CC_(_(mass)))差异不显著。综上所述,辽宁的两种菊科入侵植物相对于本地共生种来说有着较高的气体交换参数和叶片特性指标,且其光合特性和叶片特性也存在着密切的联系,表现在这些菊科入侵植物有着更高的P_(nmax)、PNUE、PEUE和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合特性指标和能量利用指标,使得入侵植物能够更有效地捕获和利用环境资源,成为其得以成功入侵的原因之一。Biological invasion is one of the century’s most serious environmental problems.A comparative study of invadersand co-occurring natives is an effective approach to gaining insights into the invasiveness of exotic plants.Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.and A.trifida L.are two aggressive North American annual weeds in China,whereas A.trifida occurs mainly inNortheast China.They usually invade cultivated fields and reduce crop productivity,causing significant ecological and socio-economic impacts in introduced areas.Besides its economic impact on crop yield,A.artemisiifolia also represents a majorhealth problem since its pollen is a strong allergen and one of the main causes of hay fever.To explore the traits contributing toinvasiveness of A.artemisiifolia and A.trifida and to test the relationship between plasticity of these traits and invasiveness,we conducted a comparative study of two invasive species and their co-occurring native Asteraceae plant,Aster tataricus,in tataricus,in terms of gas exchange and efficiencies in resource utilization.We tested the hypothesis that A.artemisiifolia andA.trifida had growth-related ecophysiological advantages over the natives in its non-native range,which resulted in its rapidgrowth and enhanced its invasiveness.Photosynthesis,specific leaf area(SLA),and the efficiency of resource use(light,phosphorus,and nitrogen)were examined in field.Leaf construction cost(CC)is considered as a quantifiable measure of energydemand for biomass production and is related to energy use efficiency as it includes component of both morphologicaland physiological traits.The results showed that the light saturation point(LSP)of A.artemisiifolia,A.trifida were significantlyhigher than that of the native species A.tataricus.The order of Pnmax was that A.artemisiifolia>A.trifida>A.tataricus,and this parameter of two invasive species were significantly higher than that of A.tataricus by151.28%,82.80%,respectively.The specific leaf area(SLA),leaf N content per unit mass(Nmass),leaf P content per unit mass(Pm

关 键 词：菊科入侵植物 光合特性 最大净光合速率 叶片特性 资源利用效率 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]