川西亚高山针叶林土壤有机层酶活性  

Soil Organic Layer Enzyme Activities in Subalpine Coniferous Forests of Western Sichuan,China

作　　者：刘育伟 杨万勤[1,2] 吴福忠[1,2] 徐振锋[1,2] 杨帆[1,2] 李柏翰 常媛[1,2] 谭波[1,2] LIU Yuwei;YANG Wanqin;WU Fuzhong;XU Zhenfeng;YANG Fan;LI Bohan;CHANG Yuan;TAN Bo(Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University,Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Alpine Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provin;Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生态林业研究所//长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室//高山森林生态系统定位研究站//水土保持与荒漠化防治省级重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]长江上游生态安全协同创新中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第5期747-753,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500509;31570445;31500358;31670526;31622018);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20135103110002);四川省教育厅青年项目(14ZB0001);四川农业大学科研兴趣培养项目(ky2016204);四川农业大学大学生创新训练计划项目(1510626065)

摘　　要：凋落物分解在维持亚高山森林的"自肥"机制及生态系统结构和功能具有不可替代的作用。以川西亚高山森林的岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)和粗枝云杉(Picea aspoerata)针叶林土壤有机层的新鲜凋落物层(LL)、半分解层(FL)和腐殖质层(HL)凋落叶以及矿质土壤层土壤为对象,分别模拟凋落叶的不同分解阶段,研究凋落叶不同分解阶段与碳、氮、磷转化相关的酶活性特征。结果表明,两个树种土壤有机层凋落叶有机碳和纤维素含量以及C∶N以LL最高,木质素含量以FL最高。β-1,4-外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶活性随凋落叶分解程度的加深而降低,而多酚氧化酶活性则相反;过氧化物酶活性随凋落叶分解程度加深在云杉林呈降低趋势,在冷杉林则呈升高趋势。云杉林凋落叶的亮氨酸氨基肽酶、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性随分解程度加深而先升高后降低,冷杉林的N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性随分解程度加深呈下降趋势。凋落叶层次和树种及其交互作用显著影响β-葡聚糖苷酶、过氧化物酶活性、多酚氧化酶、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,树种对β-1,4-外切葡聚糖酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性影响不显著。β-1,4-外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖苷酶、过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酶活性与木质素?N比值呈极显著负相关,亮氨酸氨基肽酶和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性与碳含量呈极显著正相关。以上结果表明基质质量变化是影响川西亚高山森林针叶林凋落叶分解过程中酶活性变化的驱动力。Litter decomposition plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining soil fertility and structure and function of forestecosystems in subalpine regions.In order to understand the characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus invertase activity inthe litters originated from different plant materials and decomposition phases in the subalpine coniferous forest of western Sichuan,the leaf litters in the soil organic layer(fresh litter layer,fragment litter layer and humus litter layer)and soils in the mineral soil layerof fir(Abies faxoniana)and spruce(Picea aspeata)in the soil profile were taken as study subjects,and the activities ofcellobiohydrolase,β-Glucosidase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase,leucine arylamidase,N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and acidphosphatase were measured.Our objective was to explore the effects of leaf litter species and decomposition phases on enzymeactivities during litter decomposition process in the subalpine coniferous forest of western Sichuan.The results showed that thehighest organic carbon and cellulose contents as well as C to N ratio of the fir and spruce litters were observed in the fresh litter layer(LL),and the highest lignin content were observed in humus litter layer(FL).Along the decomposing of leaf litter in the soil organiclayer,the activities of cellobiohydrolase,β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase decreased,but the activity of polyphenol oxidaseincreased.Peroxidase activity in the spruce forest decreased with increasing depth in the forest floor,which reverse for the fir forest.Moreover,leucine arylamidase and N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities in the spruce forest showed an increase and decreaseorder with increasing depth in the forest floor,and N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity in the fir forest decreased with increasingdepth in the forest floor.Litter layer and tree species and their interaction significantly affectedβ-Glucosidase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase,N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities,but tree species showed insignificant

关 键 词：凋落叶分解 酶活性 基质质量 亚高山针叶林 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]