2012—2013年北京市大气PM_(2.5)污染成分分析  

The Chemical Characteristics of PM_(2.5) in Beijing from 2012 to 2013

作　　者：林安国[1,2] 梁云平[1,2] 张战平[1,2] 孟甜[1,2] 徐浩 何明[1,2] 韩建凯[1,2] LIN Anguo;LIANG Yunping;ZHANG Zhanping;MENG Tian;XU Hao;HE Ming;HAN Jiankai(Beijing Municipal Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing 100048, China;Chang Ping District Environment Monitoring Station, Beijing 102200, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护监测中心,北京100048 [2]大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室,北京100048 [3]北京市昌平区环境保护监测站,北京102200

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第7期1174-1179,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

摘　　要：选取北京市近郊区5个不同功能定位的采样点,采用重量法仪器,采集2012年8月—2013年7月的PM_(2.5)环境受体样品,共获取1 200余张滤膜样品,分析颗粒物质量浓度状况和地域间以及季节分布规律,并分析了水溶性离子、有机碳/元素碳等组分。结果表明,北京市全年ρ(PM_(2.5))范围在19.27~894.23μg·m^(-3)之间,日平均ρ(PM_(2.5))为126.38μg·m^(-3),污染水平较高;北京市PM_(2.5)质量浓度以冬季最高,为207.8μg·m^(-3);工业区质量浓度较高但与城区差距不明显,房山和亦庄两个工业区平均ρ(PM_(2.5))为155.4μg·m^(-3),而城区的东四ρ(PM_(2.5))则达到了124.2μg·m^(-3)。有机碳是PM_(2.5)中含量最高的组分,且与元素碳来源基本一致,有机碳的质量浓度范围为3.84~164.1μg·m^(-3),平均质量浓度21.43μg·m^(-3);元素碳的质量范围为0.53~22.07μg·m^(-3),平均质量浓度3.53μg·m^(-3),两者质量浓度相对于国内其他主要城市处于较高水平;OC和EC冬季来源较为明显,为燃煤污染;二次有机碳质量浓度在冬季和工业区相对较高。硝酸盐为水溶性离子中含量最高的组分,主要来自于燃煤锅炉排放和机动车尾气污染;无机金属元素以硅与钙为主,地面扬尘及建筑工地也是PM_(2.5)的重要来源。1200groups of PM2.5samples were collected from August2012to July2013by filter membrane weighting method infive sites from different locations in suburban areas of Beijing.The mass concentration,regional and seasonal distribution,as well aschemical characteristics of PM2.5,namely water-soluble ions,organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC),were analyzed.Theresults indicated that the PM2.5concentrations were high,which were in the range of19.27~894.23μg?m-3with daily average concentrationof126.38μg?m-3.The PM2.5concentration was higher in winter(207.8μg?m-3)than in other seasons.The PM2.5concentrationin industrial area was higher than that in urban area,but the disparity was insignificant.The average mass concentration of PM2.5in industrial areas(Fangshan and Yizhuang)was155.4μg?m-3,which was about25%higher than that in urban area with an averagemass concentration of124.2μg?m-3.The sources of OC were consistent with those of EC,and the OC had the highest proportion inPM2.5compared with other components.The mass concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5from Beijing were at high level comparedto those measured in other cities.The mass concentrations of OC in PM2.5were in the range of3.84~164.1μg?m-3with an averageconcentration of21.43μg?m-3;while those of EC in PM2.5were3.53μg?m-3which were in the range of0.53~22.07μg?m-3.The ECand OC mainly came from coal burning in winter.The mass of secondary organic carbon(SOC)was relatively high in winter and inindustrial area.Nitrate,which mainly came from coal-fired boilers and vehicles,had the highest concentration among the water-soluble ions.The silicon and calcium was the principal inorganic metallic elements,indicating the construction sites and uncoveredlands were the main sources of PM2.5in Beijing.

关 键 词：细颗粒物 化学组分 有机碳/元素碳 水溶性离子 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]