干玉米秸秆与废弃物混合微贮及半连续发酵产沼气能力分析  

Mixed Ensiling Pretreatment and Semi-Continuous Fermentation of Dry Corn Stover and Wastes for Biogas Production

作　　者：杨旭[1] 常春[1] 李洪亮[1] 马晓建[1] YANG Xu;CHANG Chun;LI Hong-liang;MA Xiao-jian(School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学化工与能源学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《高校化学工程学报》2017年第4期899-905,共7页Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities

摘　　要：为提高干玉米秸秆(dry corn stover,DCS)和猪粪(pig manure,PM)或剩余污泥(excess sludge,ES)可生化性以利于沼气发酵,文章利用强化微生物微贮原理,探讨接种复合乳酸菌对混合微贮的影响。复配DCS和PM、DCS和ES为原料,接种复合微生物干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)和粪链球菌(Enterococcus durans)混合微贮30 d,考察微贮料中微生物多样性和组成及产沼气潜力。设置新鲜玉米秸秆(fresh corn stover,FCS)青贮、DCS单独微贮为对照。结果表明:DCS单独微贮易发生长霉现象,散发臭味,微贮失败;青贮FCS和混合微贮料均呈现酸味,pH值下降至4.10以下,样品中乳酸含量提高,微贮成功,其中DCS+PM,DCS+ES和青贮DCS微贮组乳酸含量分别为3.24%,2.28%和3.75%。微贮DCS+PM和青贮FCS中乳杆菌属Lactobacillus为优势菌群。沼气发酵试验结果表明:DCS+ES和DCS+PM混合微贮料的原料TS产气率和平均容积产气率分别达到了501 mL×g^(-1),0.56 L×(L×d)^(-1)和599 mL×g^(-1),0.86 L×(L×d)^(-1),都较未处理DCS和青贮FCS有了很大提高。The feasibility of microbial pretreatment on dry corn stover(DCS),pig manure(PM)and excesssludge(ES)with compound lactobacillus for biogas production was investigated.The inoculants werecomposed of lactic acid-producing microorganisms,such as Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus fermentum andEnterococcus durans,and effects of microbial diversity and composition on biogas production of mixed silagewere studied for30d.Fresh corn stover(FCS)and DCS were used as control.The results show that DCSbecomes moldy and smelly without lactic acid-producing organisms.The contents of lactic acid in DCS+PM,DCS+ES and FCS silage are3.24%,2.28%and3.75%,respectively.The silage is sour and the pH valuedecreases to4.10.16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing is used to analyze the community of the silage,and theresults indicate that Lactobacillus is the advantageous species.The biogas yields and capacity aerogenesis ratesof DCS+ES and DCS+PM silage are501mL.g-1TS,0.56L.(L·d)-1and599mL.g-1TS,0.86L.(L·d)-1,respectively,which are higher than untreated DCS and FCS silage.

关 键 词：干玉米秸秆 猪粪 剩余污泥 乳杆菌属 微贮 沼气 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]