鄱阳湖核心流域地区城市地表形态的异质性对地表温度的影响研究  

Study on the Impacts of Urban Morphology Heterogeneity on Land Temperature in the Core Area of Poyang Lake

作　　者：潘玥 廖明伟[1,2,3] 廖明 韩飞 陈竹安[4] PAN Yue;LIAO Mingwei;LIAO Ming;HAN Fei;CHEN Zhuan(Jinagxi Province Geomatics Center, Nanchang 330029, China;Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Surveying, mapping and GeoInformation, Nanchang 330029, China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology and Geographical Environment Monitoring, Nanchang 330029, China;East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China)

机构地区：[1]江西省基础地理信息中心,江西南昌330029 [2]江西省测绘地理信息工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330029 [3]流域生态与地理环境监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,江西南昌330029 [4]东华理工大学,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第8期1358-1367,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAH50F01);江西省重大生态安全问题监控协同创新中心专项(JXS-EW-012);江西省科技计划项目(20171BBE50073)

摘　　要：鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖,其生态保护受到高度关注。以鄱阳湖流域核心地区为研究对象,基于Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像和已更新至2015年江西省地理国情普查房屋建筑矢量数据,进行城市建筑形态及地表温度(LST)的空间分布、变化特征的定量化研究,且深入分析建筑形态与LST之间的相互影响关系。此外,利用高分辨率的3D建筑物栅格数据进行天空开阔角系数(SVF)的计算。结果表明,(1)湖区整体以低层低密度、低层高密度建筑形态为主,市级地区以中层高密度建筑、高层中密度建筑为主;低层低密度、低层高密度建筑主要分布在经济发达程度一般、城镇化率较低的县乡级地区。(2)湖区2005年和2016年10月的地表温度均低于5月,且低层低密度较为松散的建筑形态是引起湖区热环境变化最主要的建筑形态,高层高密度建筑形态的所在地区地表温度较为稳定。(3)建筑高度和建筑密度与地表温度之间呈正相关性,2016年5月地表温度与建筑高度、建筑密度的相关性系数分别为0.447和0.691,10月为0.486和0.841。从相关系数可知,建筑密度对地表温度的影响程度高于建筑高度。(4)实验区在晴好天气昼间,SVF值范围为0.06~0.79,主要频率在0.2~0.5之间。5月SVF值与地表温度之间的相关性系数为0.044,不存在明显的线性相关性;10月两者之间Pearson相关性系数为0.606,相关性较高。SVF值较小的区域,建筑分布密集,阻碍大气对流,且阻挡长波辐射能量,不易于地表热辐射的扩散。地表形态的异质性会导致高低各异的地表温度及不同程度的地表温度变化,建筑高度和建筑密度要素对鄱阳湖核心流域地区地表温度具有直接的影响,且建筑密度的影响更大。Poyang lake is the largest freshwater lake in China,and its ecological protection has been highly concerned.In this paper,the core area of the Poyang Lake Basin is selected as the research object.Based on the Landsat-8OLI remote sensing image andbuilding vector data of the geographical conditions census which has been updated to2015in Jiangxi Province,the spatialdistribution and change characteristics of the urban building form and land surface temperature(LST)is quantitatively studied,andthe relationship between architectural form and LST is deeply analyzed.Then,the Sky View Factor(SVF)is calculated by usinghigh-resolution3D building raster data.(1)The lake district is dominated by low-rise low-density and low-rise high-densitybuildings,and the city-level areas are dominated by middle-level high-density buildings and high-rise high-density buildings.Low-rise low-density and low-rise at high-density buildings are mainly distributed in counties and rural areas with low economicdevelopment and low urbanization rate.(2)The LST of the lake district in October2005,2016is lower than that in May,and thelow-rise low-density buildings are the most important architectural form that causes the change of thermal environment in the lakearea.The LST of high-rise high-density buildings area are stable.(3)There is a positive correlation between building height,buildingdensity and LST.The correlation coefficient between LST and building height,building density in May2016was0.447and0.691respectively,which was0.486and0.841in October.According to the correlation coefficient,the influence of building density onLST is higher than that of building height.(4)In sunny days,the range of SVF in the experimental area is from0.06to0.79,and themain frequency is between0.2and0.5.The correlation coefficient between SVF and LST was0.044in May,and there was noobvious linear correlation.Pearson correlation coefficient was0.606in October,and the correlation was high.In the region withlower values of SVF,dense buildings obstruct atmospheric convecti

关 键 词：地表温度 城市形态 建筑高度 建筑密度 天空开阔角系数 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X16