连云港海州湾海洋牧场浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系  

Zooplankton Community Structure of the Sea Farming in Haizhou Bay and Its Relationships with Environment Factors

作　　者：张硕[1,2] 施斌杰 谢斌[1] 张虎[3] 李大鹏[1] ZHANG Shuo;SHI Binjie;XIE Bin;ZHANG Hu;LI Dapeng(College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Maine Fisheries Research Institution of Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第8期1410-1418,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：海州湾海洋牧场示范项目(D-8006-12-0018;D8006-15-8014);公益性行业(农业)专项(201003068;201303047);国家"863"重点项目(2006AA100303)

摘　　要：为了解海州湾海洋牧场浮游动物群落结构季节性变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,分别于2015年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(10月)进行了3个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游动物29种,其中,节肢动物门最多,有20种,毛颚动物门4种,腔肠动物门3种;桡足纲及甲壳纲浮游动物为当地主要种类。海州湾海洋牧场秋季浮游动物种类数达16种,大于夏季(10种)和春季(8种)。人工鱼礁区各个季节的浮游动物群落丰度与对照区无显著差异(P>0.05),春、夏两季的浮游动物群落种类数无显著区域性差异(P>0.05),而秋季对照区浮游动物种类数显著高于人工鱼礁区(P<0.05)。海州湾海洋牧场浮游动物夏季种类数显著高于春季(P<0.05);秋季浮游动物丰度显著低于春、夏两季(P<0.05)。人工鱼礁区和对照区的Shannon-wiener多样性指数均在夏季达到最大值,分别为1.571和2.107,春季最小,为0.380和0.554;而均匀度则在秋季达到最大值,分别为0.214和0.224,且春季浮游动物群落结构与夏、秋两季相似度较低,夏、秋两季群落结构更复杂。典范对应分析结果表明,影响浮游动物群落丰度及分布的主要因素为海表温度(SST)、生物需氧量(BOD_5)、叶绿素(Chl-a)、溶解氧浓度(DO)和部分营养盐(SiO_3^(2-)-Si、NO_3^--N和PO_4^(3-)-P),且影响因素存在季节性差异。浮游植物群落丰度也是影响浮游动物群落丰度及分布的重要因素之一。With the aim of understanding the zooplankton community structure and the variation with environment of Haizhou Bay,three surveys were conducted in spring,summer and autumn of2015.A total number of29taxa were identified,among whichArthropoda with20species,was the most abundant species,followed by Chaetognatha with4species and Cnidaria with3species.Copepoda and Crustacea were the main local species.The number of zooplankton species in autumn reached16,which was largerthan that in summer and spring.There were no significant differences observed in zooplankton abundance between artificial reef areaand control area seasonally(P>0.05),the composition of zooplankton showed no significant differences between areas in spring andsummer(P>0.05),while in the autumn,the taxa number of zooplankton in the control area was significantly higher than that in theartificial reef(P<0.05).The taxa number of zooplankton in summer was significantly higher than that in spring(P<0.05);theabundance of zooplankton in autumn was significantly lower than that in spring and summer(P<0.05).Shannon-wiener index wasthe highest in summer(1.571and2.107)and lowest in spring(0.380and0.554),and the evenness index had the highest value inautumn(0.214and0.224),the similarity of zooplankton community structure in spring was different with that in summer andautumn,and the community structure in summer and autumn was more complex than that in spring.Based on Canonicalcorrespondence analysis of zooplankton and environment data,the results showed that main factors affecting the zooplanktonabundance and distribution seasonally were sea surface temperature(SST),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),Chlorophyll a(Chl-a),dissolved oxygen(DO)and nutrition(SiO32--Si、NO3--N和PO43--P).Moreover,the abundance of phytoplankton was anotherimportant factor affecting the abundance and distribution of zooplankton community.

关 键 词：海州湾 浮游动物 环境因子 群落结构 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学]