不同光环境下小粒咖啡的生理生态特征  

Physiological and ecological characteristics of Coffea arabica under different light environments

作　　者：王睿芳 马剑[1] 黄艳丽 潘耕耘 陶忠 李蒙 陈国松 赵万里 WANG Rui-fang;MA Jian;HUANG Yan-li;PAN Geng-yun;TAO Zhong;LI Meng;CHEN Guo-song;ZHAOWan-li(College of Agriculture and Forestry,Puer University,Puer,Yunnan 665000,China;Rural Development Research Center,Puer University,Puer,Yunnan 665000,China;Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla,Yunnan 666303,China;Faculty of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Puer,Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]普洱学院农林学院,云南普洱665000 [2]普洱学院农村发展研究中心,云南普洱665000 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303 [4]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2017年第9期1629-1634,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660170);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2015Y491)

摘　　要：【目的】探究小粒咖啡对不同光照环境的生理生态适应机制,为小粒咖啡的高产和规范化栽培提供科学依据。【方法】对比100%、36%和4%光环境下小粒咖啡叶片的最大净光合速率(P_(max))、荧光参数、单位干重氮含量(N)、构建消耗(CC)、单位重量叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量及形态解剖结构特征,分析小粒咖啡对不同光环境的适应性。【结果】随着光照增强,小粒咖啡叶片的P_(max)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)增加,正午光化学效率(F_v/F_m)显著降低(P<0.05);100%光环境下小粒咖啡叶片的N和CC投入较多,P_(max)较高,光合氮利用效率(PNUE)和能量利用效率(PEUE)较高;随着光照增强,Chl/Car、叶片厚度(LT)、组织结构紧密度(MTR)、气孔面积指数(SPI)和小脉密度(VD)增加,但比叶面积(SLA)和叶片组织结构疏松度(MLR)减小。【结论】小粒咖啡是需遮荫栽培的经济作物,对强光较敏感,可通过调整叶片生理生态特征以适应光照环境变化,减少强光对其光合器官的损伤。【Objective】Physiological and ecological adaptation mechanism of Coffea arabica to different light environments was studied to provide reference for high yield and standardized cultivation of it.【Method】Maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax),fluorescence parameters,nitrogen content of unit dry weight(N),construction cost(CC),chlorophyll of unit weight(Chl),carotenoid content and anatomical structure characteristics of C.arabica leaf under100%,36%and4%light environment were compared,and adaptability of C.arabica to different light environments was analyzed.【Result】As light intensity enhanced,Pmax and non photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)increased,photochemical efficiency at midday(Fv/Fm)significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results showed,N and CC input were high in C.Arabica leaf under100%light environment,Pmax,photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)and photosynthetic energy use efficiency(PEUE)was high.As light intensity increased,chlorophyll/carotenoid(Chl/Car),leaf thickness(LT),mesophyll structure tense ratio(MTR),stomatal pore area index(SPI)and vein density(VD)were on the rise,but specific leaf area(SLA)and mesophyll structure loosened ratio(MLR)decreased.【Conclusion】As a cash crop which requires shading cultivation,C.arabica is sensitive to strong light.It can adapt to the change of light environment by adjusting physiological and ecological characteristics to reduce the damage to its photosynthetic organs.

关 键 词：小粒咖啡 生理生态学特征 最大净光合速率(Pmax) 叶片解剖结构 构建消耗 

分 类 号：S571.2[农业科学—作物学]