干扰及林龄影响下迪庆州云杉老龄林生态系统碳储量动态  

Disturbances and Ageing Affected Carbon Dynamics in Old-growth Spruce Forest in Diqing Prefecture

作　　者：冯源 朱建华[1,2] 肖文发[1,2] 皇宝林 毕艳玲[3] 温庆忠[3] 邓喜庆[3] FENG Yuan;ZHU Jianhua;XIAO Wenfa;HUANG Baolin;BI Yanling;WEN Qingzhong;DENG Xiqing(Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry//State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100091, China;Co-innovation Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;Yunnan Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Kunming 65051, China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所//国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京2100373 [3]云南省林业调查规划院,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第9期1465-1472,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家林业局948项目(2012-4-78);中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目(20130105)

摘　　要：老龄林是重要的森林碳库,研究老龄林碳储量长期变化对评价老龄林碳源和碳汇功能和量化区域尺度森林生态系统碳循环具有重要的意义。基于云南省迪庆自治州森林资源规划设计调查数据、样地数据和迪庆州造林、采伐、灾害等统计数据,运用林业碳收支模型(CBM-CFS3)模拟并预测了2005—2020年云南省迪庆州区域尺度云杉(Picea likiangensis)老龄林(过熟林)的生物量、死亡有机质(包括枯落物、枯死木和土壤有机碳)以及生态系统碳储量及其动态变化。结果表明,干扰情景下,2005—2020年迪庆州云杉老龄林的生物量、死亡有机质和生态系统碳储量范围分别为3.98~4.73 Tg、5.41~7.28 Tg和9.44~12.01 Tg,且均呈逐渐增长趋势。模拟期间,云杉老龄林的生物量碳密度和生态系统碳密度均呈减少趋势,其中生物量碳密度平均值为106.40 Mg·hm^(-2),生态系统碳密度平均值为255.56 Mg·hm^(-2);死亡有机质碳库碳密度呈增加趋势,平均值为149.16 Mg·hm^(-2)。研究结果显示,迪庆州云杉老龄林生态系统碳储量动态受林分生长、成熟林为过熟林和干扰三方面影响;其中自然生长导致生态系统碳储量增加0.51 Tg,成熟林进阶导致生态系统碳储量增加2.75 Tg,而采伐干扰造成生态系统碳储量损失1.14 Tg。建议未来森林经营中将老龄林每年采伐总面积控制在1.9×10~3 hm2·a^(-1)以内,以保证老龄林生态系统碳储量趋于稳定,避免老龄林转变为碳源。Old-growth forest is an essential carbon pool in forest ecosystem.To understand the function of old forest as a carbon sinkor source,it is necessary to quantify the long-term carbon dynamics in old-growth forest ecosystem on regional scale.Supported by local forest inventory data,field measurement data,statistics data on afforestation,reforestation,harvesting and disturbances(forest fire and other damages)from Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,we used a forest carbon budget model(CBM-CFS3)to simulate and project the carbon dynamics affected by disturbance scenarios in the old-growth spruce(Picea likiangensis)forest in Diqing from2005to2020.The results showed that the carbon stocks increased from3.98to4.73Tg(by C)in biomass,from5.41to7.28Tg in dead organic matter(DOM,which include litter,dead wood and soil organic carbon),and from9.44to12.01Tg in total ecosystem from2005to2020.The average carbon density in biomass and total ecosystem tended to decrease,which averaging as106.40Mg·hm-2and255.56Mg·hm-2during the period,respectively.But the carbon density in DOM,averaged as149.16Mg·hm-2,tended to increase during the simulation period.Our simulation result also showed that carbon dynamics of old-growth spruce forest was obviously influenced by three factors:stand growth,mature-forest moved forward and harvesting disturbance.Positive effects including mature-forest moving forward(totally2.75Tg)and forest ageing(totally0.51Tg)increased the carbon stock of old-growth forest ecosystem.Harvesting,in contrast,had a negative effect and reduced carbon stock by1.14Tg during the period.If the disturbed area could be controlled as smaller than1.9×103hm2·a-1in the future forest management practices,it would effectively prevent the old-growth spruce forest ecosystem in Diqing from being a net carbon source.

关 键 词：林龄 人为干扰 固碳 森林经营 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]