黄河三角洲养殖塘水-气界面CO_2、CH_4和N_2O通量特征  

Greenhouse Gases Fluxes at Water-Air Interface of Aquaculture Ponds in the Yellow River Estuary

作　　者：宋红丽[1,2] 刘兴土[2] 文波龙[2] SONG Hongli;LIU Xingtu;WEN Bolong(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, Linyi University, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi 276005, China;Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102, China)

机构地区：[1]山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室//临沂大学资源环境学院,山东临沂276005 [2]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室//中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第9期1554-1561,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CD956100);国家青年基金项目(41601086);山东省自然科学基金博士项目(ZR2016DB05)

摘　　要：随着经济的增长和人口的增加,沿海地区养殖业迅速发展,故养殖区水-气界面的CO_2、CH_4和N_2O交换通量对大气中温室气体浓度的影响不容忽视。以黄河三角洲神仙沟(桩11)南部的养虾塘为研究对象,于2013年6月—2014年4月,采用漂浮箱-气相色谱法对养殖塘白天水-气界面CO_2、CH_4和N_2O通量进行观测,并同步测定养殖塘部分环境因子。结果表明,黄河三角洲养殖塘CO_2、CH_4和N_2O的通量范围分别为-71.140 3~7.278 6、-0.005 8~0.016 5、-0.002 0~0.007 9 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),均值分别为-36.347 5、0.005 9、0.002 7 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),整体上表现为从大气吸收CO2的汇和向大气排放CH_4和N_2O的源。养殖塘温室气体通量存在明显的季节变化特征,在温度较高的夏秋季,CH_4和N_2O排放通量较大。相关性分析结果表明,温度、盐度、SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-和磷水平对养殖塘温室气体具有一定的影响,且盐度与N_2O通量、SO_4^(2-)浓度与CO_2通量之间的相关性达到显著水平。黄河三角洲养殖塘温室气体通量与自然水体和其他地区养殖塘存在较大差异,其中,地理位置的差异、养殖方式、杀菌剂的使用等环境因子和人为因素的作用显著。此外,养殖塘作为受人为干扰严重的水体,表现为多因子共同作用的结果,这一结论还有待于进一步的研究。研究结果对于综合评价水产养殖对区域气候变化的影响,深化人类活动对全球变暖的影响认识具有一定意义。With the growth of economics population,the aquaculture industry in coastal areas developed rapidly.Therefore,the influence of CO2,CH4and N2O fluxes from aquaculture areas can not be ignored.In this study,variations of CO2,CH4and N2O fluxes at water-air interface in the daytime were determined using a floating chamber-gas chromatography method in shrimp pond from June2013to April2014in the Yellow River estuary.Meanwhile,some of environmental factors were also measured.The results showed that the ranges of CO2,CH4and N2O fluxes were-71.1403~7.2786,-0.0058~0.0165,-0.0020~0.0079mg·m-2·h-1,and the mean values were-36.3475,0.0059,0.0027mg·m-2·h-1,respectively,indicating that the culture pond acted as an emission of CH4and N2O and consumption of CO2.Seasonal variations of greenhouse gases from culture pond were observed,the fluxes of CH4and N2O were large at high temperature.Correlation analysis results showed that temperature,salinity,SO42-,Cl-concentration and phosphorus had a certain influence on greenhouse gases fluxes,and the correlation between salinity and N2O flux,and SO42-and CO2flux reached significant level.The greenhouse gas fluxes of the Yellow River delta aquaculture pond were different from that of natural water and other aquaculture ponds,which might due to geographical differences,breeding way,use of fungicides and so on.In addition,culture pond was seriously affected by anthropogenic activities,and the greenhouse gases emission were complicated and might be controlled by the interactions of multiple controlling factors,which needed further research.The results of this study have certain significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of aquaculture influence on regional climate change,and deepening the impact of human activities on global warming.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 水-气界面 CH4 CO2 N2O 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X16