试论“新辟苗疆”与改土归流之关系  

On the Relationship between “Newly-opened Miao Territory” and Gaituguiliu

作　　者：李世愉[1] LI Shi-yu(School of History and Culture, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学历史与文化学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《遵义师范学院学报》2017年第5期12-17,共6页Journal of Zunyi Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"中国土司制度史料编纂整理与研究"(12&ZD135)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：清雍正朝的"新辟苗疆"问题越来越受到学界的重视。为了使这一研究能够深入,有一个问题是不容忽视的,即"新辟苗疆"与改土归流的关系。雍正朝改土归流的一个重要内容是对流土俱不受的"化外生苗"的征服,这些地方多设厅,清政府称之为"新辟苗疆"。因此,开辟"苗疆"不仅是雍正朝改土归流的重要组成部分,也是雍正朝改土归流的一大特点。之所以得出这样的结论,是基于以下三个方面的考察:首先,开辟"苗疆"是清政府改土归流整体规划中的重要内容之一。鄂尔泰在制定改土归流规划时,即把开辟"苗疆"列为重点工作之一,而且在改流过程中,开辟"苗疆"始终与废除土司同时并举。其次,开辟"苗疆"是改流总目标所决定的。雍正帝决定实施改土归流,就是要牢牢控制西南少数民族地区,为达到这一目标,当然不能无视这些流土俱不受的"化外生苗"之地。再次,"新辟苗疆"使雍正朝的改土归流在广度、深度及影响上大大超过以往任何一次的改土归流。因此,将"新辟苗疆"的研究与推行改土归流的原因、目的、方针、政策联系起来考察,无疑会使这一研究更加深入。The problemof“Newly-openedMiao Territory”in the reign of Yongzheng(1723-1736)in Qing Dynasty is arousing more and more attention in the academic circle.There is one problemnot to be ignored for the sake of deep study of this problem,viz.,the relationship between“Newly-opened Miao Territory”and Gaituguiliu.The focus of Gaituguiliu was to conquer the“Huawaishengmiao”,where many departments were set up,well-known as“Newly-opened Miao Territory”in Qing Dynasty.Therefore,opening Miao territory was not only an integrated part of Gaituguiliu,but a main feature as well.The reasons for it are as follows:firstly,opening“Miao Territory”was one important part for the plan of Gaituguiliu.E'ertai(1677-1745)listed opening“Miao Territory”as one of his top priorities in his work plan of setting up Guituguiliu;besides,in the course of Gailiu,he took opening“Miao Territory”and the abolishment of Tusi into the same account.Secondly,opening“Miao Territory”is driven by the general goal of Gailiu.The purpose of Guitugailiu was to have a firm dominance over the minority groups in the southwestern China,and the“Huawaishengmiao”was not neglected for the sake of dominance.Thirdly,“Newly openedMiao Territory”in the reign of Yongzheng exceeded greatly what had been done in Gaituguiliu ever before.Accordingly,this study can be made deeper if we relate the study of“Newly opened Miao Territory”to the spread of Gaituguiliu in terms of reason,purpose,line and policy.

关 键 词：雍正朝 新辟苗疆 改土归流 贵州 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]