Carbon film encapsulated Fe_2O_3: An efficient catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes  

碳膜包覆的氧化铁纳米颗粒:一种高效的芳硝基化合物加氢催化剂（英文）

作　　者：Yingyu Wang Juanjuan Shi Zihao Zhang Jie Fu Xiuyang Lü Zhaoyin Hou 王莹钰;石娟娟;张子豪;傅杰;吕秀阳;侯昭胤(浙江大学化学系,生物质化工教育部重点实验室,浙江杭州310028;浙江大学化学与生物工程学院,浙江杭州310027)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, Zhejiang,China [2]Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》2017年第11期1909-1917,共9页催化学报（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21473155,21273198);Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ12B03001)~~

摘　　要：Iron catalysis has attracted a wealth of interdependent research for its abundance,low price,and nontoxicity.Herein,a convenient and stable iron oxide(Fe2O3)‐based catalyst,in which active Fe2O3nanoparticles(NPs)were embedded into carbon films,was prepared via the pyrolysis of iron‐polyaniline complexes on carbon particles.The obtained catalyst shows a large surface area,uniform pore channel distribution,with the Fe2O3NPs homogeneously dispersed across the hybrid material.Scanning electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses of the catalyst prepared at900°C(Fe2O3@G‐C‐900)and an acid‐pretreated commercial activated carbon confirmed that additional carbon materials formed on the pristine carbon particles.Observation of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images also revealed that the Fe2O3NPs in the hybrid were encapsulated by a thin carbon film.The Fe2O3@G‐C‐900composite was highly active and stable for the direct selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines under mild conditions,where previously noble metals were required.The synthetic strategy and the structure of the iron oxide‐based composite may lead to the advancement of cost‐effective and sustainable industrial processes.铁是地球上最丰富的元素之一,它在生命反应中起到至关重要的作用.目前,铁基催化剂广泛应用于合成氨、费托合成、NO_x的选择性催化还原等.最近,铁因其含量丰富、价格低廉、无毒等优势而在多相催化方面引起了重点关注.最新研究发现,铁基催化剂在甲烷直接偶联制乙烯、氧还原以及芳硝基化合物的选择性加氢等领域具有突出表现,其中芳硝基化合物选择性加氢是一类具有重要应用前景的反应,这是因为苯胺(AN)是一种重要的精细化学品和有机中间体,广泛用于医药、染料、农药等行业,苯胺的年产量超过了400万吨,目前使用的催化剂主要有Raney Ni、负载镍、Ru/SnO_2及少量铂碳、钯碳催化剂.但是,在Ni基催化剂上,硝基苯加氢主要经过间接缩合途径,同时会伴有氧化偶氮苯(AOB)、偶氮苯(AB)和氢化偶氮苯(HAB)等副产物生成,这些高沸点的副产物会带来一系列问题,如产物分离困难、产品纯度较低以及催化剂失活等.在这种情况下,为了加速苯胺生成,工业上一般采用过量的Raney Ni催化剂.贵金属(如Pt,Pd和Ru等)对催化芳硝基化合物加氢具有极高的活性,且苯胺的生成主要经过直接加氢途径.然而,由于成本过高,贵金属催化剂的大规模应用还存在一定的困难.本文采用简易的方法制备了一种铁基催化剂,在这个催化剂中氧化铁纳米颗粒被碳膜包覆并嵌入至平板碳中(Fe_2O_3@G-C).该催化剂由活性炭、苯胺及醋酸亚铁热解所得.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,我们证实在原始碳颗粒上形成了新的碳膜.同时高倍透射电镜图也清楚地揭示了氧化铁纳米颗粒被碳膜包覆的结构.实验发现,Fe_2O_3@G-C-900催化剂(900 ~oC热解所得)在芳硝基化合物选择性加氢反应中具有很高的活性.在2 MPa H_2,70 ~oC条件下反应2 h,硝基苯(NB)转化率达到95.4%,苯胺选择性达到99.1%,远远高于其�

关 键 词：Carbon film ENCAPSULATION Iron catalysis PYROLYSIS HYDROGENATION NITROARENE 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学] TB383.1[理学—化学]