联合梯田农业文化遗产地景观特征与景观资源利用  

Landscape characteristics and utilization in agro-cultural heritage systems in Lianhe Terrace

作　　者：胡伟芳[1] 张永勋 王维奇[1] 闵庆文[3] 章文龙[1] 曾从盛[1] HU Weifang;ZHANG Yongxun;WANG Weiqi;MIN Qingwen;ZHANG Wenlong;ZENG Congsheng(School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [2]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第12期1752-1760,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571287;31000209);福建省尤溪县人民政府委托项目"全球重要农业文化遗产申报书"和福建师范大学校级创新团队项目(IRTL1205)资助~~

摘　　要：福建尤溪联合梯田是一个持续了1 300多年的农业文化遗产系统,然而随着工业化的不断发展,其社会-经济-自然复合生态系统的稳定机制已经不适应生产力发展的要求,景观生态系统正面临不可持续的威胁。本文运用景观生态原理和方法,分析联合梯田景观指数和景观空间格局,研究景观资源现状,并提出景观资源开发利用的保护对策。结果表明:1)林地和耕地是联合梯田的景观优势类型,分别占总景观面积的67.93%和20.40%。林地的景观破碎度(0.05)和斑块数目(83个)较低,体现森林覆盖度较高且分布较集中。耕地的斑块数目(1 369个)、斑块密度(1 327个×km-2)、边缘密度(89.91 m×hm^(-2))、景观破碎度(0.75)和景观形状指数(50.85)均最大,体现耕地面积破碎化、形状多样化及边界复杂的特征。2)联合梯田形成"水源林-聚落-梯田-复合景观"的垂直立体分布格局,具良性生产功能、宜居功能、水土保持功能和美学功能。3)联合梯田发育了丰富的景观资源,但仍存在较多景观资源破坏及未能深刻挖掘利用的问题,使联合梯田文化遗产地陷入"景观资源闲置-遗产地贫困-人口流失-梯田生态景观破坏-景观资源消失"恶性循环。4)未来应重点恢复与改造梯田景观,建立相应的补偿机制,发展生态农业、第二产业,发展农业文化遗产旅游和生态旅游,促进梯田景观复兴及传统文化的现代回归。Lianhe Terrace in Youxi County,Fujian Province is an important Agricultural Heritage System(AHS)that is over1300years old.Lianhe Terrace AHS consists of“forest-settlement-terrace-composite landscape”pattern established by the ancestors.Abundant landscape resources have been developed in this subtropical mountain area,including physiographic landscape,biological landscape,astronomical and climate landscape,relic landscape,architectural and engineering landscape,and folk-culture landscape.However,the stability mechanism of social,economic and natural compound ecosystems has failed to adapt to the requirements ofproductivity development with industrialization,and the landscape ecosystems have faced with threats of unsustainability.Analysis of landscape characteristics using the theory and methods of landscape ecology,study of the status of landscape resource utilization,and conservation strategies of landscape resources in Lianhe Terrace AHS were conducted in this study.Results showed that:1)Forest land and farmland were the dominant landscape types,accounting respectively for67.93%and20.40%of the total landscape area.Landscape fragmentation and number of forest patches were relatively low,0.05and83,respectively.This suggested that forest cover was high with a relatively concentrated distribution.The largest number of patches(1369),patch density(13.27patcheskm2),edge density(89.91mhm2),landscape fragmentation(0.75)and landscape shape index(50.85)in farmland indicated fragmentation,diversification and complex boundary conditions in the region.2)The vertical distribution of landscape patterns in the key protected areas of Lianhe Terrace AHS was“forest-settlement-terrace-composite landscape”pattern.The sets of virtuous ecological systems and typical regional traits were well established.This landscape pattern functioned at optimum yield,livability,soil and water conservation and aesthetic.3)Abundant resources(including natural and cultural landscape resources)were developed in Lianhe Terrace AHS.However,some te

关 键 词：农业文化遗产 联合梯田 景观格局 景观资源 景观生态 景观保护 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]