北京地区重空气污染天气分型及个例分析  

Weather pattern and case analysis of air heavy pollution days in Beijing

作　　者：马小会[1,2] 廖晓农 唐宜西[1,2] 孙兆彬 李梓铭[1,2] MA Xiao-hui;LIAO Xiao-nong;TANG Yi-xi;SUN Zhao-bin;LI Zi-ming(Institute of Urban Meteorology,CMA,Beijing 100089,China;Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing Tianjin Hebei,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [2]京津冀环境气象预报预警中心,北京100089

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2017年第5期53-60,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家电网公司科技项目"特高压跨区域输电对受端区域灰霾天气改善的影响研究"(52010115002P)资助

摘　　要：利用2008年1月至2014年12月北京地区高空和地面气象观测资料及逐日大气成分监测数据,对北京地区空气质量≥5级重空气污染的持续时间、500 hPa高空环流形势、地面气压场及相应的边界层结构特征进行了统计分析。结果表明:2008年1月至2014年12月北京地区发生重空气污染时500 hPa以纬向环流为主,占重空气污染总日数的58.4%。从地面气压场来看,低压辐合区型重空气污染出现频率最高,为38.3%;其次为高压后部型重空气污染,出现频率为18.8%。北京地区出现重空气污染天气时500 hPa多为纬向环流,850 hPa为偏南暖平流,地面气压场为低压辐合区、高压后部、高压底部、弱气压场、高压前部、低压倒槽、弱高压、鞍型场及华北地形槽时均可出现重空气污染天气过程。配合以上天气形势,重空气污染天气出现时,边界层长时间存在逆温、低层风速较小且湿度大,并根据重污染天气特征建立了北京地区重空气污染概念模型。Using the upper level and surface meteorological observational data and daily atmospheric component monitoring data from January of2008to December of2014in Beijing,we statistically analyzed the duration,upper level circulation pattern at500hPa,surface pressure field,and boundary layer structure during heavy pollution days with daily air quality above the5levels.The results indicate that heavy air pollution is usually accompanied with zonal circulation at500hPa,which counts up58.4%of the total heavy pollution days.Heavy air pollution occurs most frequently under the weather type of low surface pressure system with convergence,with an occurrence frequency of38.3%,followed by the rear of the surface high pressure system,with an occurrence frequency of18.8%.When heavy air pollution occurs in Beijing,the zonal circulation dominates at500hPa and the southerly warm flow dominates at850hPa.In addition,the surface pressure patterns include low pressure system with convergence,the rear and bottom of high pressure system,weak air pressure,the front of high pressure,depression trough,weak high pressure,saddle pressure field,and topographic trough over the northern China.Under such weather situations,thermal inversion,weak wind speed at low level,and high relative humidity exist in the boundary layer for a long period.Based on the aforementioned weather characteristics,a conceptual model of heavy pollution is established.

关 键 词：重空气污染 环流形势 地面气压场 边界层 概念模型 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]