三峡水库对长江江汉平原河段水文过程及临江地下水动态的影响  

Influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir Operation on Hydrological Process and Riparian Groundwater Dynamics in Jianghan Plain Section of the Yangtze River

作　　者：何沛欣 唐仲华[1] HE Peixin;TANG Zhonghua(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2017年第6期47-55,93,共10页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(1212011121142;1212011120084)

摘　　要：基于1965—2015年长江江汉平原河段4个水文站实测水文资料,利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、突变检验法、小波分析法和数值模拟法,系统分析了三峡水库对长江江汉平原河段水文过程及临江地下水动态的影响。结果表明:1965—2015年宜昌站、监利站、螺山站和汉口站径流量均呈下降趋势,三峡水库运行前后4个水文站点径流量变化分别为-9.1%、-4.3%、-7.6%和-6.1%;4个水文站点径流的突变特征均与三峡水库工程建设和不同蓄水调度模式有关;长江江汉平原河段年径流量在时域中存在多层次的时间尺度结构,变化周期以11~13a和24~27a最为显著;在7~8a尺度下径流小波系数变化过程曲线显示,三峡水库运行是长江江汉平原河段径流振荡变化的主导因素;长江与临江地下水的补排关系取决于三峡水库的调度模式,水库调控改变了汛期和枯水期水位,使临江地下水排泄方式从以向长江排泄和蒸发排泄为主转变为以向附近河流侧向排泄、越流排泄和蒸发排泄为主。Based on the data from four hydrological stations located in Jianghan Plain section of the Yangtze River from1965to2015,this paper systematically analyzes the influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the hydrological process in Jianghan Plain section of the Yangtze River and riparian groundwater dynamics by utilizing the Mann Kendall test,mutation test,wavelet analysis and groundwater numerical simulation.According to the research results,the runoff of Yichang station,Jianli station,Luoshan station,and Hankou station has proceeded a declining trend over the past51years,changing by-9.1%,-4.3%,-7.6%,and-6.1%respectively after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR).During the mutation test,these runoff mutations in the four stations are significantly related to the engineering construction and the different impoundment regulation modes of the Three Gorges Reservoir.The annual runoff of Jianghan Plain section of the Yangtze River has complicated structure of multiple scale time series,and has prominent primary oscillation periods occurring11~13years and24~27years.The variation of the wavelet transform coefficient under the7~8years’scale indicates that the TGR operation is the dominant factor of the runoff oscillation in Jianghan Plain section of the Yangtze River.Furthermore,the interaction between the groundwater and surface water in the Yangtze River depends on the TGR’s seasonal impounding and releasing rate.TGR’s regulation controls the surface water level between the flood season and dry season,so that the form of riparian groundwater discharge shifts from evaporation and river discharge to evaporation,leakage and lateral discharge.

关 键 词：三峡水库 长江江汉平原河段 水文过程 地下水动态 MannKendall检验法 地下水数值模拟 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X697.25