模拟高原不同时间缺氧暴露对大鼠红细胞结构与功能的影响  

Effects of hypoxia exposure for different time on structure and function of red blood cells in rats

作　　者：易元月 刘宝[1] 官立彬[1] 高钰琪[1] YI Yuanyue;LIU Bao;GUAN Libin;GAO Yuqi(Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, C)

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学高原军事医学系高原特需药品与卫生装备研究室,高原环境医学教育部重点实验室,全军高原医学重点实验室,重庆400038

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2018年第1期130-135,共6页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：军队十二五重大课题资助项目(No.AWS14C007);第三军医大学高原医学特殊学科点项目(No.J1310001)

摘　　要：目的:初步探讨模拟高原不同时间缺氧暴露对大鼠红细胞结构与功能的影响及机制。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分成5组(每组8只):常氧组、缺氧1周组、缺氧2周组、缺氧3周组和缺氧4周组。各缺氧组大鼠置于模拟海拔5 800 m的低压舱内,连续暴露相应时间后,采集全血,测定血常规、红细胞变形指数和红细胞渗透脆性,绘制血红蛋白氧解离曲线,分析计算红细胞凋亡率,观察骨髓切片病理学变化。结果:与常氧组相比,各缺氧组红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量和磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻率均显著增加(P<0.01),血红蛋白氧饱和度为50%时的氧分压显著增大(P<0.05),骨髓红系增生增加,红细胞变形指数及渗透脆性显著降低(P<0.01),血红蛋白氧离曲线右移。结论:在模拟高原缺氧初期,外周血中红细胞的结构与功能发生代偿性改变以利于高原习服;但是,随着缺氧时间的延长,血管内滞留过多的异常红细胞容易导致血栓形成及微循环障碍,并加重机体的组织细胞缺氧。AIM:To investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on the structure and function of erythrocytes in rats at different time.METHODS:Male SD rats(n=40)were randomly divided into5groups,normal control group,1-week hypoxia group,2-week hypoxia group,3-week hypoxia group and4-week hypoxia group,with8rats per group.The rats in hypoxia groups were placed in the simulated5800m of high altitude in a hypobaric chamber for different time.The values of detected blood,erythrocyte deformation index,erythrocyte osmotic fragility,erythrocyte oxygen dissociation,erythrocyte apoptosis and bone marrow biopsy were determined.RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin significantly increased(P<0.01).Eversion rate of phosphatidylserine of erythrocytes increased.Oxygen half-saturation of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05).Bone marrow erythroid proliferation increased.The erythrocyte deformation index and erythrocyte osmotic fragility decreased significantly(P<0.01).In addition,oxygen dissociation curves shifted to the right.CONCLUSION:In the early stage of hypoxia,compared with normal control group,the changes of erythrocyte structure and function increase the oxygen supply to the tissue and are conducive to adapting to the plateau.However,with the extension of hypoxia,excessive erythrocytosis results in thrombosis,microcirculation disturbance and aggravating tissue hypoxia.

关 键 词：高原 缺氧 红细胞变形性 红细胞渗透脆性 血红蛋白氧解离曲线 细胞凋亡 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学] R852.1[医药卫生—基础医学]