学习策略选择、执行与转换的影响因素探析  

The Retrospective Study on Influence Factors about the Learning Strategy Choice, Performance and Switch

作　　者：殷明[1,2] 陶玲霞 刘电芝[1] YIN Ming;TAO Ling-xia;LIU Dian-zhi(School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu 215006, China;Department of Investigation, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing Jiangsu 210031, China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院,江苏苏州215006 [2]江苏警官学院侦查系,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（教育科学版）》2018年第1期47-56,共10页Journal of Soochow University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省高等教育学会高等教育研究"十三五"课题"具身操作对高外在认知负荷下学习策略应用的调节"(项目编号:16YB055);江苏警官学院侦查学科研创新团队项目(项目编号:2015SJYTS01-01)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：学习策略能够帮助学习者进行快速有效地学习,学习策略在使用过程中会涉及选择、执行、转换三个环节。策略的选择存在适应性决策者理论模型、适应性控制—理性模型、适应性策略选择模型、策略选择学习理论和认知龛理论,会受到策略使用的成本收益率、策略使用的前期经验、当前问题情境、策略的有效性、策略使用的实际效果、学习者主体期望值等影响。影响策略执行的因素则包括学习者前期的知识水平、年龄、教师、学习环境、学习方式等。而策略的转换则与学习者的年龄、策略与任务的匹配度、策略转换的任务难度以及先前知识有关。认知负荷则是影响策略选择、执行与转换的共同因素。Learning strategies can make the learning process more fun and efficient.If one wants to apply Learning strategies,there are three steps:that is strategy choice,strategy performance and strategy switch.There are five theoretical models about the strategy choice:"adaptive decision maker","adaptive control of thoughtrational model","adaptive strategy choice model","strategy selection learning theory","cognitive niche theory".Many factors can influence the strategy choice,such as the cost-benefit about the strategy applying,the prior experience about the strategy applying,the current problem situations,the effectiveness of the strategy applying,the results of strategy applying,the expectations of learner.The influence factors about strategy performance included the learner's prior knowledge,age,the teachers and the learning style.Strategy switch associated with the age of the learner,the matching degree of the strategy and the task,the difficulty of the task,and the prior knowledge.The cognitive load will affect all the strategy choice,the strategy performance and the strategy switch.

关 键 词：策略特征 任务 问题情境 主体特征 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]