考虑绕行效应的人员疏散元胞自动机模型研究  

Study on cellular automata model of personnel evacuation considering detour effect

作　　者：胥旋[1] 史聪灵[1] 李建[1] 车洪磊[1] XU Xuan;SHI Congling;LI Jian;CHE Honglei(Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety,China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国安全生产科学研究院地铁火灾及客流疏运安全北京市重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2018年第2期20-25,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51622403;71774148);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0802500);中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2016JBKY04;2017JBKY03);北京市科技专项(Z171100001117145)

摘　　要：在传统的元胞自动机疏散模型中,行人只考虑临近的4个网格状态以做出运动决策,而在实际疏散过程中,每个人会从更大的感知范围内收集信息,并会主动避开障碍物,从而选择更合理的路径。针对此问题,建立考虑绕行行为的元胞自动机模型(DCA模型),模型引入行人感知范围参数,用于反映行人对障碍物的反应程度或绕行倾向;通过建立单门疏散场景,研究绕行效应对疏散的影响。研究结果表明:考虑绕行效应时,行人能够更好地绕过障碍物,在出口前形成典型的拱形聚集形态;感知范围越大,拱形聚集形态形成的越快;通过将DCA模型与经典的无后退的有偏随机行走模型和场域模型分别进行比较,DCA模型可以减少不必要和不合理的后退运动行为,这与实际更为一致。In the traditional cellular automata evacuation model,the pedestrian will make the movement decision considering only the status of four neighboring grids,but in the practical evacuation process,each person will gather the information from a larger perceptive range and avoid the obstacles actively,thus select a more reasonable path.Aiming at this problem,a cellular automata model considering the detour behavior(DCA model)was established,and the parameter of pedestrian's perceptive range was introduced into the model to reflect the response degree or detour tendency of pedestrian to the obstacles.The influence of detour effect on the evacuation was studied through establishing a single-exit evacuation scenario.The results showed that when considering the detour effect,the pedestrian could bypass the obstacles better,and a typical arch gathering form generated in front of the exit.The larger the perceptive range,the faster the generation of the arch gathering form.The DCA model was compared with the classical bias-random walk model without back step and the field model,and it showed that the DCA model can reduce the unnecessary and unreasonable backward movement behavior,which is more consistent with the practice.

关 键 词：绕行 元胞自动机模型 疏散 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]