流体管道水锤抑制的时间尺度变换控制  

Control of water hammer suppression via time-scaling technique

作　　者：陈特欢 任志刚[2,3] CHEN Te-huan;REN Zhi-gang(Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211, China;State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027, China;School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006, China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学机械工程与力学学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]浙江大学工业控制技术国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310027 [3]广东工业大学自动化学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《控制理论与应用》2018年第2期198-206,共9页Control Theory & Applications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61703217;61703114;61473253);工业控制技术国家重点实验室开放课题(ICT170301;ICT170288);宁波大学科研基金(XYL17024)资助~~

摘　　要：在流体管道运行中,打开的阀门突然关闭会造成管道内部流体对阀门及管壁的巨大压力冲击,这种现象叫做水锤效应,严重威胁流体管道的健康运行.基于此,本文研究了阀门关闭过程中抑制水锤效应的最优边界控制问题.水锤模型由一组非线性时空演化方程描述,本文首先通过半离散方法得到一个有限维模型.然后,采用分段一次线性控制变量参数化方法及灵敏度分析方法,结合时间尺度变换方法,推导其梯度形式.最后,结合非线性优化求解器,完成边界最优控制设计.仿真结果显示时间尺度变换方法能够更有效地抑制水锤效应.考虑到实际工程中的控制量为阀门相对开度,在得到阀门处的流量和压力的最优变化过程后,本文给出了阀门相对开度随时间的演化关系.During the fluid pipeline running,sudden closure of an open valve in the pipeline network causes a huge pressure shock toward the valve and pipeline wall.This phenomenon,called water hammer,threatens the healthy operation of the fluid pipeline.Thus,an optimal boundary control problem of water hammer suppression during valve closure is studied.The water hammer model can be described as a set of nonlinear spatio-temporal equations,including a boundary control at the end of the pipeline.First,the method of lines(MOL)is applied to reduce the water hammer model to a finite dimensional model.Then,the piecewise-linear control parameterization method and sensitivity analysis method combined with the time-scaling technique are proposed to derive the gradients of the objective function.Finally,nonlinear optimization techniques are used to solve the optimal control problem.Numerical results show the time-scaling technique can suppress water hammer more effectively.Since the practical control input is the degree of the valve opening,the optimal changes of valve relative opening with time evolution are given based on the optimal boundary control and the corresponding pressure changes.

关 键 词：水锤模型 分段一次线性控制变量参数化 时间尺度变换 敏感性分析 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]