两种植物精油对米象的驱避活性及其化学成分研究  

Repellect activities and chemical composition of essential oils from two plants against Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus

作　　者：胡华林 王梓懿 王治芬 马秋 杨华[4] 李垄 HU Hua-lin;WANG Zi-yi;WANG Zhi-fen;MA Qiu;YANG Hua;LI Yan(State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medcial University/The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550014,China;Guiyang Ninth Middle School,Guiyang 550002,China;School of Pharmacy,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineerlng,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学药用植物功效与利用国家重点实验室/贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室,贵州贵阳550014 [2]贵阳市第九中学,贵州贵阳550002 [3]贵州医科大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]延安大学化学化工学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2017年第12期116-123,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合J字[2015]2103号);国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2017ZY060072);贵州省科技创新人才团队项目(黔科合平台人才[2016]5625)

摘　　要：采取水蒸气蒸馏法提取两种常用调味品花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxum.)和孜然(Cuminum cyminum L.)的精油,采用滤纸片法测定精油对储粮害虫米象(Sitophilus oryzae L.)成虫的驱避活性。结果表明:当精油浓度为5.0 mg/m L时,花椒和孜然精油对米象成虫72 h平均驱避率分别为64.0%和75.7%,120 h平均驱避率分别为51.8%、63.2%,其驱避等级均在Ⅲ级以上。采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析了两种植物精油的化学成分,结果从花椒精油中鉴定出57种化合物,其相对含量达到98.887%,相对含量最高的为芳樟醇L(26.071%),其次为萜烯醇(14.830%)、α-萜品醇(12.754%)和乙酸芳樟酯(9.531%);从孜然精油中鉴定出24种化合物,其含量达到97.999,相对含量最高的为茴香甲醛(44.057%),其次为茴香脑(38.691%)、草蒿脑(7.960%)和γ-萜品烯(2.799%)。上述结果说明两种植物精油对米象成虫的驱避活性显著,具备开发成新型绿色驱虫剂的潜力。Essential oils were extracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxum.and Cuminum cyminum L.by steam distillation.The repellect activities of the oils were measured by filter method against stored grain pest Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus.The results showed that the average repellency within72h and120h of the oils were62.4%,76.5%and52.7%,64.1%,respectively,the repellecy level was aboveⅢconformably.And,the chemical components of essential oils were analyzed and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrumetry.57compounds were identified in Z.bungeanum oil,the total content was98.887%,including linalool L(26.071%),terpinen-4-ol(14.830%),α-terpineol(12.754%)and linalyl acetate(9.531%).24compounds were identified in C.cyminum oil,the totoal content was97.999%,including cuminal(44.057%),trans-anethole(38.691%),estragole(7.960%)andγ-terpinene(2.799%).The results show that the oils had high repellect activities to S.oryzae L.adults.So,the oils have the potential to be developed as new type green pesticide.

关 键 词：花椒精油 孜然精油 米象 驱避活性 气相色谱-质谱联用法 

分 类 号：S482.39[农业科学—农药学]