不同级别优秀散打运动员鞭腿技术动作特征及其对击打速度的影响  

Effects of Hitting Velocity of Different Level Sanda Athletes;Whip-leg Movement

作　　者：苏健蛟[1,2] 张颖慧 马世坤 SU Jianjiao;ZHANG Yinghui(Shanxi Normal Univ., Linfen 041000, China;Yongin Univ, Yongin 017092, Korea;Yongin Univ, Yongin 017092, Korea)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学体育学院,山西临汾041000 [2]韩国龙仁大学武道大学,湖北武汉430079 [3]韩国龙仁大学大学院,京畿道龙仁017092 [4]武汉体育学院武术学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2018年第1期87-94,共8页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：山西省回国留学人员基金项目(2016076);山西省体育局基金项目(15TY118)

摘　　要：为探求优秀散打运动员的体重差异与鞭腿技术动作特征是否对击打速度产生影响。方法:运用VICON Nexus 3D运动捕捉系统,对小、中、大三个级别15名运动员运用鞭腿技术动作快速击打目标物时的运动轨迹进行采集。依据鞭打动作特点和下肢关节运动特征,将技术动作划分为四个时刻、三个时段,并对四个时刻下肢关节的角度以及三个时段的动作位移、时间、速度、角速度等运用VICON Polygon分析软件进行计算。结果表明:启动时段(P1)小级别运动员的躯干和支撑腿各关节运动幅度呈"上大下小"状态,大级别运动员呈"上小下大"状态;三个级别运动员作用腿下肢关节的运动方向相同,运动幅度却出现差异,小级别运动员启动时段的动作速度相对较快。击打时段(P2)三个级别运动员支撑腿的髋、踝关节回旋运动方向出现差异;作用腿下肢关节运动方向相同,中级别运动员膝关节屈曲角度相对较大、转动半径相对较小,击打时段的动作速度也相对较快。回收阶段(P3)三个级别运动员支撑腿髋关节屈伸、回旋运动方向出现差异;作用腿下肢关节运动方向相同,小级别运动员作用腿下肢关节转动半径相对较小,回收时段的动作速度也相对较快。不同级别运动员鞭腿技术动作特征对击打速度存在显著性差异,相同级别散打运动员减轻体重、改善下肢关节的运动方向和运动幅度,才是提高击打速度的重要途径。The purpose of the study was to explore whether weight difference and whip-leg techniques of excellent Sanda athletes could affect action velocity.Motion capture system VICON Nexus was used.The researchers collected15athletes’(light group,middle group,heavy groups)movement traces when they were using whip-leg techniques to hit targets.The displacement,time,velocity,angular velocities of action were also calculated by the software VICON Nexus in three phase respectively.It showed that in the starting phase(P1),movement range of bodies and supporting legs of light-weight-athletes were“big on the upper part and small on the lower part”,while heavy-weight-athletes’were“small on the lower part and big on upper part”.The three groups of athletes had the same action direction of kicking leg joints,but different movement ranges(P<0.05).The light-weight-athletes’action velocity were the faster in starting phase.In Hitting phase(P2),the directions of3levels of weight athletes’hip joints,knee joints and ankle joints of supporting legs were different,while the direction of their kicking leg was alike.The flexion angles of knee joints of the middle-weight-athletes were the biggest,and their rotation radius were the smallest(P<0.05)and the action velocity were fast.In withdrawing phase(P3),the directions of flexion hip joints and roundhouse kick were different(P<0.05).The movement direction of kicking leg was alike.The rotation radius of leg joints of light-weight-athletes were the smallest,and their withdrawing velocity was the fastest.It could be concluded that the effects of whip-leg techniques for different weight athletes on movement velocity were significantly different.Therefore,decreasing weight and optimizing action direction and range were the optimal way to raise action velocity.

关 键 词：散打 优秀散打运动员 鞭腿 击打速度 动作特征 不同级别 

分 类 号：G852.4[文化科学—民族体育]