基于技术距离的中国区域创新分布研究  

Study on Regional Innovation Distribution in China Based on Technological Distance

作　　者：冯仁涛[1] 余翔[1,2] Feng Rentao;Yu Xiang(Fujian Institute of Intellectual Property,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118;School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]福建工程学院福建省知识产权研究院,福州350118 [2]华中科技大学管理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《情报杂志》2018年第1期191-197,共7页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"引导技术创新的专利信息挖掘与分析技术研究"(编号:71072033);国家知识产权局项目"福建省专利资源分布促进产业发展研究"(编号2014CQ001);福建省教育厅社会科学项目"促进福建省产业升级的区域技术结构研究"(编号:JBS14114)

摘　　要：[目的/意义]区域间创新能力在技术领域的分布存在显著差异,识别和分析这种差异对于国家和区域层面技术创新政策的制定有重要意义。[方法/过程]基于专利数据的IPC分类号与技术领域映射关系,构建技术距离指标,对省区之间创新分布的差异进行了量化。通过K-means聚类和多维尺度分析方法,将1985-2014年期间三个时期的中国省区按照技术距离进行了分类研究,明确了不同时期不同类别的组成和特点。[结果/结论]加入WTO之后,湖南、江苏、浙江、吉林和甘肃等省区技术分布的变化最为显著。金融危机以后,北京、上海和广东三省市在电气工程领域相对优势不断增强,其他省区的技术优势则大多集中于食品化学和药品领域。各省区创新累积的过程大部分都存在较强的路径依赖特征。[Purpose/Significance]There are significant differences in innovation capacity as well as in the distribution of innovation among different regions.Identifying and analyzing the differences have great significance for the national and regional policies on technology innovation.[Method/Process]The difference of innovation distribution among provinces in China is analyzed using the indicator of technological distance based on patent data in this paper.Through the K-means clustering and multidimensional scale analysis,the provinces in China in three sub-stages during the period of 1985~2014 are classified and analyzed.[Result/Conclusion]Hunan,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Jilin,and Gansu are the provinces that have the most outstanding changes in technological distribution after China's entry into the WTO.After the outbreak of the financial crisis,Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong continuously strengthened their comparative advantage in the field of electrical engineering,while other provinces'technology advantages focus on food chemistry and medicine.In most provinces,there is a strong path dependence in the process of innovation capacity accumulation.

关 键 词：创新分布 技术距离 K-MEANS聚类 专利 多维尺度分析 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学]