不同栽培模式对土壤理化性状及广西冬种马铃薯产量的影响  

Soil physical and chemical properties and yield of Guangxi winter potato under different cultivation models

作　　者：李丽淑[1] 樊吴静[1] 杨鑫[1] 唐洲萍[1] 谭冠宁[1] 何虎翼[1] LI Li-shu;FANWu-jing;YANG Xin;TANG Zhou-ping;TAN Guan-ning;HE Hu-yi(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第1期36-41,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB16380116);国家马铃薯产业技术体系南宁综合试验站项目(CARS-10-ES15);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2017JM24)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同栽培模式对土壤理化性状及马铃薯产量和品质的影响,为合理推广广西冬种马铃薯栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】以中晚熟马铃薯品种丽薯6号为试验材料,设黑膜覆盖、稻草覆盖和常规种植(对照)3种栽培模式,测定不同栽培模式下土壤的水含量、容重、孔隙度及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,同时观察测定马铃薯主要农艺性状,并测定马铃薯发棵期的叶片生理指标和成熟期的块茎品质。【结果】与常规种植模式相比,黑膜覆盖和稻草覆盖栽培模式均可提高土壤水含量和土壤孔隙度,降低土壤容重和固相比例,同时可提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。不同栽培模式对马铃薯株高、茎粗和主茎数均无显著影响(P>0.05,下同),但黑膜覆盖模式可显著增加马铃薯的单株块茎数、单株块茎质量和大薯质量(P<0.05,下同),降低青头薯质量,从而提高马铃薯的商品薯率和产量,其商品薯率和产量较常规种植模式分别极显著提高11.26%和26.67%(P<0.01)。不同栽培模式对叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量及块茎干物质、淀粉和还原糖含量的影响均不显著,但黑膜覆盖模式的叶片可溶性蛋白含量和块茎维生素C含量显著高于其他模式。【结论】与常规种植模式相比,黑膜覆盖和稻草覆盖栽培模式在改善土壤理化性状及提高马铃薯产量和品质方面效果明显,其中以黑膜覆盖栽培模式的效果较优,适合在广西冬种马铃薯生产中推广应用。【Objective】Effects of different cultivation models on soil physical and chemical properties,yield and quality of potato were studied to provide theoretical basis of cultivation techniques of winter potato in Guangxi.【Method】Midlate mature potato variety Lishu 6 was taken as material.Three cultivation models,black film mulching,rice straw mulching and conventional cultivation,were set.Soil moisture,bulk density,porosity,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium in each model were determinated,and the main agronomic traits were observed.The physiological and biochemical characteristics of potato leaves at growth stage and quality of potato tuber at the maturing stage were evaluated.【Result】Compared with conventional cultivation,soil moisture,porosity in rice straw mulching and black film mulching cultivations increased,and soil bulk density,solid phase ratios decreased.Meanwhile,the organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium also enhanced in rice straw mulching and black film mulching cultivations.The three cultivation models had insignificant difference on plant high,stem diameter and main stem quantity(P>0.05,the same below).Potato number per plant,potato yield per plant and big potato weight in black film mulching cultivation increased significantly(P<0.05,the same below).In addition,black film mulching cultivation decreased green potato weight,therefore extremely(P<0.01)increased commercial potato rate and yield,which were 11.26%and 26.67%higher than those in conventional cultivation.Different cultivation models had insignificant difference on chlorophyll content,tuber dry matter,starch content,reducing sugar content,but soluble protein content and vitamin C content in tuber in black film mulching were significantly higher than those in other models.【Conclusion】Compared to conventional cultivation,soil physical and chemical properties,yield and quality of potato can be greatly improved by rice straw mulching and black film mulc

关 键 词：马铃薯 黑膜覆盖栽培 稻草覆盖栽培 土壤理化性状 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S532.044[农业科学—作物学]