马铃薯覆膜种植对杂草群落的影响  

Effects of plastic film mulching on the weed community in potato field

作　　者：高赟 张建明 李明霞 赵鑫 GAO Yun;ZHANG Jianming;Li Mingxia;ZHAO Xin(Dingxi Lintao Agricultural School,Gansu　730500,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省定西市临洮农业学校,定西730500

出　　处：《植物保护》2018年第2期195-198,共4页Plant Protection

摘　　要：本文研究了覆盖黑色地膜和露地种植两种种植方式下马铃薯田杂草群落的差异。在覆膜田中,猪殃殃Galium aparine L.var.tenerum、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、狗尾草Setaria viridis和龙葵Solanum nigrum明显少于露地,不发生或极少发生;繁缕Stellaria media和田旋花Convolvulus arvensis为杂草的优势种群,其相对密度分别为9.56%~29.85%和5.86%~23.88%。在两种种植方式下,小蓟Cirsium setosum和稗Echinochloa crusgalli均为优势种群,杂草群落多样性和丰富度无显著差异,但覆膜田的均匀度指数均显著高于露地。由此可见,覆膜处理对马铃薯田常见杂草和优势种杂草有较好的控制作用,可使田间杂草维持在一个较低水平,防止来年单一杂草暴发,对马铃薯生产过程中的草害控制具有重要的意义。Two plantation modes including plastic film mulching and open ground were applied to investigate the effects on weed community in potato field.The results showed that Galium aparine L.var.tenerum,Digitaria sanguinalis,Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum in the film-mulched field were significantly less than those in the open field,and rarely occurred or even didn’t happen in the film-mulched field.Stellaria media and Convolvulus arvensis were dominant species of weeds,with the relative densities of 9.560%-29.85%and 5.86%-23.88%,respectively.Cirsium setosum and Echinochloa crusgalli were the dominant species under the both plantation modes.The diversity and richness of weed communities were not obviously different,however,the evenness index in the film-mulched field was significantly higher than that in the open field.Thus,the film mulching treatment had better control on common weeds and dominant species of weeds,and the weeds can be maintained at a low level in the film-mulched field,which can prevent the outbreak of a single weed in the coming year.The plastic film mulching plantation is of great significance for weed control in potato production.

关 键 词：马铃薯 覆膜 杂草密度 优势种 多样性指数 丰富度指数 均匀度指数 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]