拉美政治中的“左”“右”现象研究——拉美政治发展的周期与政策调整  

The Political Pendulum of “Left” and “Right” Phenomenon in Latin American Politics

作　　者：杨建民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所政治研究室

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2018年第1期82-99,156-157,共18页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：20世纪初,拉美左派的出现打破了右派长期执政的局面,是精英政治向大众政治过渡的开始,在拉美的政治光谱上从此出现了"左"和"右"两种政治倾向的分野。从20世纪至今,拉美国家已经出现了三个左派执政周期,每个周期的开始都有对前一周期的政策进行调整的过程,拉美政治发展由此形成"左""右"周期轮流执政的钟摆式变化。拉美政治格局"时左时右"的政治钟摆现象本质上是拉美国家为了实现政治稳定和经济发展而在资本主义框架下发展起来的调控机制。因此,不管是左派政府还是右派政府,其本质都是资本主义的自我调控与发展。当前,拉美右派取得了地区政治的主导权,但拉美左派存在的社会历史、思想文化和政治条件以及阶级基础都仍然存在,本轮左派执政周期也并未结束。未来拉美政治格局的前景有两种较大的可能性:一种是政治和经济上全面右转,另一种是政治上左派执政但经济上向右调整政策。In the early 20th century,the emergence of the Latin American left had broken the long term domination of the right wing,which marked the beginning of the transition of elite politics to mass politics,and there appeared the dividing line between "left" and "right" in Latin American political spectrum.Since 20th century,Latin American countries have witnessed three cycles of the left-wing rule.The political development of Latin America followed the pendulum shift of the "left" and "right" cycles.The beginning of each cycle has a process of adjusting the policy of the previous one.The political pendulum phenomenon is essentially the regulatory mechanism developed by Latin American countries in the framework of capitalism in order to achieve political stability and economic development.Therefore,both the left-wing and the right-wing government are inherently capitalist self-adjustment and development.At present,the right wing has gained the dominant power in regional politics of Latin America,but there still remain the social history of left-wing ideology as well as political conditions and class basis of the left-wing forces.It can be argued that the left-wing ruling cycle has not ended.In the future political landscape of Latin America,there are two trends of greater likelihood,one is overall right turn of politics and economy,the other is political left-wing rule with economic adjustment policy.

关 键 词：拉美国家 左派 右派 执政周期 “左退右进” 

分 类 号：D777[政治法律—政治学]