21世纪以来拉美政治发展成就及其影响  

Latin America since the Millennium: Changing Political Realities and Achievements

作　　者：王鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所综合研究室 [2]中国社会科学院中美洲和加勒比研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2018年第1期100-115,157,共16页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“非西方国家政治发展道路研究”(编号:15ZDA033)子课题“拉美国家政治发展道路研究”的阶段性成果

摘　　要："第三波"民主化浪潮以来,拉美国家在民主体制框架下运行。21世纪以来,拉美国家推动政治上长期受排斥群体整体融入国家政治体系,形成日益激烈的政党竞争和全新的政党格局,通过制宪或修宪调整和发展政治体制,积极探索和实践参与式民主。这些新的成就有助于拉美国家维持民主体制的稳定运转和保障政治稳定,推动各国政府以前所未有的力度应对社会发展问题,促进民族和解进程和重大国内冲突的解决,开展更为有力的司法反腐斗争。21世纪以来的政治发展成就意味着拉美国家的民主体制已经具有更高的适应性和内生性,与这个地区特有的历史、理念和经济社会发展状况形成更加紧密的结合。但是,这些成就仍然属于阶段性发展成就,拉美国家民主体制的脆弱性问题尚未得到根本解决,诸多根深蒂固的积弊难以在短期内消除。与此同时,新的政治发展进程带给拉美国家新的挑战:自由民主和激进民主之争引发政治理念分歧,政党的制度化水平仍然滞后,政治"极化"可能随着党争加剧而再度放大。如何应对新兴中间阶层的政治经济需求将是拉美国家民主体制所要面对的下一个重大考验。As a result of the Third Wave of Democratization,most countries in Latin America restored or developed their democratic institutions since the late 1970s.Based on the newly emerged political realities,regional countries gained remarkable achievements in the millennium,including the integration of politically excluded groups into political process,intense partisan competitions and the emergence of a new party structure.They pushed forward political reforms by amending constitutions and explored the way toward participatory democracy.Those achievements played a key role in maintaining political stability in regional countries,facilitating regional governments to address the issue of inequality,promoting national reconciliations and the settlement of armed conflicts,and advancing anti-corruption campaigns.It can be concluded that democratic institutions in the region have gained deeper roots into the social base and cemented stronger linkages with the masses,though regional democracies are still featured by remarkable fragility.A new generation of challenges confronting regional countries is related to the conflict of ideas regarding liberal and radical democracies,the weak institutionalization of political parties and the political polarization triggered by intense partisan competition.It is especially notable that the burgeoning middle class will be a powerful social force for regional countries to manage and assimilate so as to prevent political volatility in the region.

关 键 词：政治发展 民主化 左派 激进民主 中间阶层 

分 类 号：D773.0[政治法律—政治学]