东北三省水稻干湿交替灌溉模式适宜性分区  

Rice suitability zoning of alternative wetting and drying irrigation mode in three provinces of Northeast China

作　　者：王晓煜[1] 杨晓光[1] Tao Li 张天一[3] 刘涛 项洪涛[4] 孙翌晨 刘志娟[1] Wang Xiaoyu;Yang Xiaoguang;Tao Li;Zhang Tianyi;Liu Tao;Xiang Hongtao;Sun Yichen;Liu Zhijuan(College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;International Rice Research Institute,Manila DAPO Box 777,Philippine;Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;University of Sydney,Sydney 2006,Australia)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]国际水稻研究所 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨150086 [5]悉尼大学

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第6期111-120,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300101);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31661143012)

摘　　要：为了研究不同灌溉模式下水稻耗水特征及水分利用效率,探讨节水灌溉模式在东北水稻种植区的适宜性,该文基于东北三省水稻种植区1981-2016年县域气象资料、水稻作物资料以及土壤资料,利用调参验证后的ORYZA(v3)水稻模型,模拟了过去36a淹水灌溉(flood irrigation,FL)和干湿交替灌溉(alternative wetting and drying irrigation,AWD)2种灌溉处理下水稻的产量、耗水量以及水分利用效率,并结合干湿交替灌溉模式产量的高产性和水分利用效率的高效性,综合分析干湿交替灌溉模式在研究区域适宜性。研究结果表明:1)1981-2016年2种灌溉模式下,研究区域水稻平均产量显著增加,呈由西南向东北减少空间变化特征;过去36a水稻耗水量整体呈显著下降趋势,空间上整体呈西高东低;水分利用效率整体呈显著提高趋势,淹水灌溉模式下分布南低北高,干湿交替灌溉模式下整体东高西低。2)与淹水灌溉相比,干湿交替灌溉模式下研究区域内水稻产量减少1%~19%,平均减少11%,但水稻耗水量可降低3%~26%,平均为15%,研究区域水分利用效率提高8%。3)干湿交替灌溉模式最适宜区集中分布在辽宁省辽河平原南部、吉林省扶余-蛟河一线及延吉地区、黑龙江省松嫩平原东南部,适宜区集中在辽宁省辽河平原南部凌海、海城等地区、吉林省中部的永吉-磐石-柳河口一线以及黑龙江省中东部的方正、富锦等地区,次适宜区位于辽宁省东部灯塔、开原等地区,吉林省镇赉、双辽地区及黑龙江省中东部铁力、饶河地区,较适宜区分布在辽宁省东北部铁岭、清原等地区,吉林省长白、洮南及黑龙江省西部富裕-林甸-安达一带。研究区域干湿交替灌溉模式对节约水资源及保证水稻高产高效具有重要意义。Northeast China(NEC)is an important japonica rice production region,wherein rice production accounts for more than 50%of the national total japonica rice production.On the other hand,NEC region is one of the areas in China most susceptible to climate change,and the average temperature in NEC increased by 0.38°C per decade during the past five decades,while the precipitation decreased.The rice is produced under flood irrigation conditions(FL)in NEC which is facing a severe problem of scarcity in water resources.There is an urgent need for reducing water consumption for rice production by developing water-saving irrigation technologies.Therefore,to study the water consumption characteristics and rice consumption water use efficiency(WUEC)of rice under water-saving irrigation and FL patterns,and discuss the suitability of water-saving irrigation pattern,will provide a scientific basis for regional water-saving irrigation and play a vital role in rice production safety in Northeast China.Here,our goal is to examine the rice AWD(alternate wet and dry)suitability patterns based on a comprehensive assessment of rice yield and WUEC throughout NEC over the 36-year period from 1981 to 2016.In this paper,the agro-meteorological experiment station data which included weather,soil,phenology and management data were used to calibrate and validate the model based on nine cultivars selected for each region by using DRATES calibration program and trial-and-error method.The cultivar selected in the ORYZA simulation was the cultivar with the greatest number of years of cultivation during 1981 to 2007 within each province,and simulation with the longest-planted cultivar was more realistic and provided information for this study.The modeling was set up with the selected cultivar using the daily weather data from 1981 to 2016 for the 134 counties,rice crop data and soil data under FL and AWD management to simulate rice yield and water consumption.Based on model outputs,the WUEC was calculated for each weather station during the past

关 键 词：灌溉 模型 土壤水分 东北三省 水稻产量 耗水量 水分利用效率 适宜性 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]