不同施肥水平下垄作栽培对油菜苗期光合特性的影响  

Effects of Ridge Cultivation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rapeseed Seedlings under Different Fertilizer Levels

作　　者：荣答 徐江林[1] 彭烨[1] 李祯[1] 贺慧[1] 官春云[1] RONG Da;XU Jianglin;PENG Ye;LI Zhen;HE Hui;GUAN Chunyun(National Oilseed Crop Improvement Center,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学油料改良中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《作物研究》2018年第2期116-120,130,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：湖南省科技重大专项(2016NK2105);湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金(168126)

摘　　要：垄作栽培是一种非常具有实际应用前景的栽培方式,能够改善南方油菜生长环境,进而提高油菜产量。为研究垄作栽培对油菜生长发育的影响,大田条件下,以不同栽培方式为主区(垄作栽培和传统平作),不同施肥水平为副区(低肥、中肥和高肥)研究了油菜苗期光合特性的差异。结果表明,垄作栽培油菜在苗期的光合特性相较于传统平作有明显的优势:(1)能在增加叶片叶绿素含量的同时增加类胡萝卜素来防止叶绿素的自我氧化和损伤,并且垄作油菜的耐阴性更好;(2)垄作栽培的油菜可以增加实际光化学效率ΦPSII、表观光合电子传递效率ETR,拥有较高的光能捕获能力和更高的光化学转化效率;(3)垄作栽培能增加油菜叶片的气孔开放度,改善胞间CO_2的吸收,从而显著增加其光合效率。Ridge cultivation is an effective cultivation method with practical application prospect,which can improve rapeseed growth environment in the southern,and then increase rapeseed yield.In order to study the effect of ridge cultivation on the growth and development of rapeseed under field condition,the differences of rapeseed seedling photosynthetic characteristics were studied in the experiment with different cultivation modes(ridge cultivation and conventional flat planting as main plots),and different fertilizer levels for sub region(low fertilizer,middle fertilizer and high fertilizer as subplots).Results showed that the rapeseed seedling photosynthetic characteristics of ridge cultivation expressed obvious advantages compared to traditional cultivation.(1)The leaf chlorophyll content of the ridge cultivation mode was increased,meanwhile,the carotenoids was increased and prevented the oxidation and damage of chlorophyllAnd its shade tolerance was better.(2)The actual photochemical efficiency isΦPSII and the apparent photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency ETR light of ridge cultivated rapeseed were increased,and showed high light capture capacity and higher photochemical conversion efficiency.(3)The leaf stomatal opening degree in ridge cultivation mode was increased,and its leaf intercellular CO 2 absorption was improved,and so the rapeseed photosynthetic efficiency was increased.

关 键 词：油菜 栽培 施肥 垄作 光合特性 

分 类 号：S565.401[农业科学—作物学]