反思批判生存美学  

Reflecting and criticizing on the aesthetics of existence

作　　者：张弓[1] 张玉能[2] ZHANG Gong;ZHANG Yu-neng(School of Humanities,East China University of politics and law,Shanghai 201620,China;College of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学人文学院,上海201620 [2]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《青岛科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期55-64,共10页Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(11CZW017);广西高校科研重点项目(ZD2014110)

摘　　要：福柯把知识考古学、权力和道德谱系学的研究,最终落实在人类的疯癫、性、监狱等被人们刻意回避的几个方面,深刻揭露了西方封建主义和资本主义社会的异化制度和虚假意识形态,创造性地设计出了一套新型的自由生活方式蓝图,这就是他的生存美学。但是,生存美学的生存实践和生命政治本身抹杀了实践本身的具体阶级性,无论是他所说的"劳动""话语",还是"性"都被抽象化了,从而削弱了理论的现实批判价值。生存美学以个体"自身"为关注中心,强调了美和审美及其艺术的差异性,而忽略了它们的普遍性,因而具有较大的片面性。生存美学关注身体、性和爱情美学,同样也片面地突出了它们的个体性、感性化、欲望化,不利于人的全面自由发展。我们应该运用历史唯物主义辩证法,正确处理生存实践以及美和审美及其艺术的人类性和阶级性、个体性和社会性、理性和感性的复杂关系,以审美教育培养造就自由全面发展的人。Foucault puts the study of the archaeology of knowledge,the power,and the morality of genealogy eventually into the practice of the human’s madness,sex and prison that are avoided by people,to reveal the alienation system and false ideology of western feudalism and capitalism society,and creatively design a new set of free lifestyle blueprints.These are his aesthetics of existence.However,the survival practice of survival aesthetics and life politics itself have eliminated the concrete class nature of practice itself,whether he calls the“labor”,the“discourse”or the“sex”are abstracted,thus weakening the realistic critical value of the theory.As the aesthetics of existence focuses on the individual itself and emphasizes the difference among beauty,aesthetics and their art,and ignores their generality,therefore,it has a larger one-sidedness.The aesthetics of existence focuses on the physical,sexual and love aesthetics;it is also one-sided to highlight their individuality,sensibility and desire,which is not conducive to the overall development of human freedom.We should take historical materialism dialectics to correctly handle the relationship between humanity and class,individual and society,rationality and emotion of the survival practice,the beauty and aesthetics,and its art,and to cultivate the people who make the overall development of freedom with the education of aesthetics.

关 键 词：生存美学 反思 批判 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学]