碑刻所见明清民国陕西宗族制度与风习  

Study on the Clan System and Customs Reflected in the Inscriptions on Tablets in Shaanxi Province from the Ming Dynasty to the People's Republic

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作  者:常建华[1] CHANG Jian-hua(Center for Chinese Social History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350)

机构地区:[1]南开大学中国社会史研究中心,天津300350

出  处:《安徽史学》2018年第2期128-133,共6页Historical Research In Anhui

基  金:国家社科基金重大项目"多卷本<中国宗族通史>"(14ZDB023)的阶段性研究成果

摘  要:陕西存世的碑刻丰富,其中有许多记载明清以来宗族问题的资料。将宗族谱系刻石,立于祠堂之中的碑谱,除了记忆世系功能之外,也是为了祠堂祭祖活动所需,谱牒是祖坟的重要组成部分。纪念祖先,一般是元旦拜贺,清明墓祭,冬至祠祭。族会依据祭祖时间可以分为清明会、冬至会,或统称为祭会。宗族利用祭祖对族人开展教育。祠堂是祭祀祖先的所在,也是管理族人的地方,祠堂的维护也是宗族的重要事务。晚清时期的宗族活动显示出宗族与地方官府的密切互动关系。The inscriptions on tablets are very rich in Shaanxi province and record the information on the clan issues since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The clans carve their lineage on the stones,and the tablets in ancestral hall not only have the function to memory lineage,but also required for ancestral worship.The Stones that carved lineages was an important part of the ancestral grave.The commemorating ancestors were in the form of greetings on New Year,tomb sacrifice on Qingming Festival,sacrifice in ancestral hall on Winter Solstice.According to the sacrificial time,sacrificial organizations could be divided into different forms and having different names.The clan teach clansman by ancestor worship.The ancestral hall was not only the places for ancestral worship,but also the places to manage the clansman.The maintenance of the ancestral hall was also the clans'important business.The clan activities have showed close interactions with local authorities in the late of Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词:墓祭  祠堂 族长 族规 

分 类 号:K24826[历史地理—历史学]

 

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