康德的实存问题与本体论批判——反驳当代几种典型的质疑  

Kant's Existence and Ontological Critique——Refutation on Several Typical Contemporary Challenges

作　　者：李科政[1] LI Ke-zheng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2018年第4期120-128,共9页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"尊严概念的层级研究"(15CZX060)

摘　　要：康德对上帝实存的本体论证明提出过一个著名的批判,他的一个主要论据是"实存"不是一个实在的谓词,因而从上帝的纯然概念中不能分析推导出他的实存。近50年来,以穆雷·凯特雷、J·威廉·福吉、艾伦·伍德为代表的许多学者,都对这个论据提出了质疑。但是,他们的理由和论证都包含着一些错误和混淆。同时,以塞西莉亚·魏与艾伦·伍德为代表的一些学者认为,康德的本体论批判不能一般地适用于任何形式的本体论证明,特别是笛卡尔与莱布尼茨的证明。这种观点割裂了康德的认识论批判和本体论批判,没有意识到前者构成了后者的一个基础,因此其结论也是完全不可靠的。Kant put forward a well-known critique on the ontological proof of God s existence,asserting that existence is not a real predicate and therefore it is impossible to establish God s existence through an analysis of his mere concept.However,some scholars such as Murray Kiteley,J.Willian Forgie,and Allen Wood challenged and criticized this assertion in recent years,all of whom seemed either misused the concept of existence or mistakenly analyzed the judgment that existence included in the concept of God.Meanwhile,Wood,Cecilia Wee and some other scholars believe that Kant s ontological critique could not be effectually applied to a type of Cartesian proof.Nevertheless,this point of view isolated Kant s ontological critique from his epistemological critique on which the former works is based.Therefore,it s untenable,too.

关 键 词：康德 实存 本体论 上帝 

分 类 号：B504[哲学宗教—外国哲学]