氮、磷、钾肥配施对马铃薯肥料利用率及产量的影响  

Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium Fertilizers on Fertilizers Utilization and Yield of Potato

作　　者：贾豪[1] 郭恒 王舰[1] JIA Hao;GUO Heng;WANG Jian

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第2期32-36,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青海省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(2015-NK-112);青海省马铃薯研究开发中心能力建设项目(2015-GX-Q17A)

摘　　要：为确定青海省马铃薯生产的合理施肥技术,利用大田试验研究了氮、磷、钾肥对马铃薯品种青薯9号产量、养分积累量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,施肥有利于促进马铃薯的生长发育,提高产量,其中对马铃薯产量影响最大的是氮肥,其次是磷肥和钾肥。与不施肥对照相比,施用氮、磷、钾肥可显著提高马铃薯N、P_2O_5、K_2O的积累量,氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别为142.5、167.5、92.6 kg/kg,氮、磷、钾肥的表观利用率分别为38.8%、22.4%、31.1%,氮、磷、钾肥的生理利用率分别为367.7、746.1、297.6 kg/kg。在青海互助县种植青薯9号,N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别为202、135、180 kg/hm2时,产量可达83 333 kg/hm2,在此条件下每生产1 000 kg块茎需要吸收的N、P_2O_5、K_2O量分别为2.9、1.2、3.7 kg,三者比例为1∶0.41∶1.27。In order to determine the reasonable fertilization techniques for potato production in Qinghai province,field experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P 2O 5)and potassium(K 2O)fertilizers on yield,nutrients accumulation rate and utilization efficiency of potato(Qingshu No.9).The results showed that the fertilization was beneficial to the growth,and increased the yield of the potato.The significant influence factor on production of potato was nitrogen fertilizer,followed by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Compared with the control without fertilizer,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in potato were significantly enhanced after using corresponding fertilizers;the agriculture efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 142.5 kg/kg,167.5 kg/kg,and 92.6 kg/kg respectively;the noticeable recovery efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 38.8%,22.4%and 31.1%respectively;the physiologic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 367.7 kg/kg,746.1 kg/kg and 297.6 kg/kg respectively.In this study,when the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium applied 202 kg/ha,135 kg/ha,180 kg/ha,the yield of potato was 83 333 kg/ha,2.9 kg N,1.2 kg P 2O 5 and 3.7 kg K 2O had been absorbed from soil as 1 000 kilograms potato produced,and the ratio of N,P 2O 5 and K 2O was 1∶0.41∶1.27.

关 键 词：马铃薯 氮、磷、钾肥 产量 肥料利用效率 青海省 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]