小胶质细胞生物学特性及对神经元调控作用  

Cell biological properties of microglia and its role in neurons regulation

作　　者：李杰 周军媚[1] 田绍文[2] LI Jie;ZHOU Junmei;TIAN Shaowen(College of Pharmacy and Life Science,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;Institute of Neuroscience,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学药学与生命科学学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]南华大学神经科学研究所,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《基础医学与临床》2018年第4期563-567,共5页Basic and Clinical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81171281)

摘　　要：小胶质细胞是常驻脑实质内免疫细胞,在生理状态下是高度动态的,表达多种免疫受体与神经递质受体,严格监控着中枢神经系统(CNS)微环境。近来大量研究揭示这类免疫细胞具有积极地调控神经元作用,其潜在的影响了神经元发生、突触修剪,调节突触可塑性,阻止神经毒性。小胶质细胞功能性变化对CNS的发育、成熟及退化有重要作用。Microglia are resident immune cells within the brain parenchyma.In physiological conditions,microglia are highly dynamic,expressing multiple immune receptors and neurotransmitter receptors,tightly monitoring the microenvironment of central nervous system(CNS).Recent researches have revealed that these immune cells actively modulate the functions of neurons,which potentially affecting neuronal activity and synaptic pruning,contribute to synaptic plasticity and preventing neurotoxicity.The functional changes of microglia play an important role in the development,maturation and degeneration of the brain.

关 键 词：小胶质细胞 细胞生物学特性 神经元 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]