城市不同级别道路尘土的粒径特性分析  

Particle Size Characteristics of Dust in Different Grade Urban Roads

作　　者：汪志荣[1] 刘珊珊[1] 李洁[1] 毛月鹏 WANG Zhirong;LIU Shanshan;LI Jie;MAO Yuepeng(School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第2期282-289,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(16YDLJSF0030)

摘　　要：城市道路尘土粒径与城市径流污染物关系密切,是地表污染物的重要物理指标之一,直接影响着城市地表径流水质和排水管网以及下游纳污河道的水环境。选取天津市西青区4个级别道路(快速路、主干路、次干路、支路),共12个断面43个采样点,对道路尘土的采样方法进行规范化后,采集了5种下垫面,即非机动车道、人行道、隔离带(机动车道)、隔离带内草地以及道路侧边绿化带等处的尘土或表土样品共129个。粒径分析表明,除支路之外,快速路、主干路和次干路各处尘土的平均粒径差异明显。各级道路不同下垫面上的尘土粒径主要分布在0~50μm范围内。在不同下垫面上,道路级别越高,尘土粒级分布越小且越集中,道路级别越低,尘土粒级分布范围越广。各断面的尘土粒径都呈非正态分布,主要呈双峰变化,少有单峰,峰值粒径主要出现在50μm和400μm左右,粒径最大值、最小值也与道路级别有关。一般地,同一断面的非机动车道、人行道、隔离带的尘土粒径范围有一定的相似性,但各粒径所占比例不同。不同级别道路粒径特征的差异主要受道路功能、周边环境和道路清扫方式的影响。快速路和主干路交通功能显著,汽车扬尘对尘土粒径的影响较大;次干路和支路以服务功能为主,周边环境复杂,尘土累积量较多,粒径较大;机械水洗清扫可大大降低尘土总量和尘土粒级,而人工清扫对尘土总量和粒级影响有限。道路尘土粒径的分析为进一步研究其与污染状况的关系奠定基础,同时可为城市道路清洁管理提供参考。The dust particle size from urban roads is closely related to the urban runoff pollutants,and is one of the most important physical indices of the surface pollutant,which directly affects the water quality of the urban surface runoff and the water environment health of the drainage pipe network and downstream of the river.After normalizing the sampling method,dust samples were collected from 12 sections and 43 sampling points(each with 3 repeated samplings and hence totally 129 samples)on the roads of four different grades(urban highway,trunk road,sub-trunk road and branch road)in Xiqing District,Tianjin.It turned out that the majority of pollutant particles had sizes among 0~50μm,however the average particle sizes and the range of their distributions differed drastically for samples from different underlying surfaces,i.e.motorways,non-motorways,sidewalks,isolation zones and greening zones.On the higher grade roads,the smaller the concentrated of the particle size and the distribution range was wider for samples taken from lower grade roads.None of the samples yield a normal distribution in particle sizes,and they usually tended to be double-peaked,with peaks at around 50μm and 400μm,respectively.The maximum and minimum of particle sizes were also dependent on road grades.For samples from the same road section,the range of particle sizes were similar,irrespective of the underlying surfaces.However,the size distributions depended on the underlying surface.Road cleaning modes,traffic intensities and the surrounding environments were the main affecting factors that made the particle characteristics differ among different roads.For traffic intensive roads,the major affecting factor for the particle size distribution was motor vehicles,however,the environmental factor became more important for less traffic intensive roads.Machine washers greatly reduced the amount and level of dust,but the function of manual cleaning was limited.The analysis of road particle size distribution may provide a foundation for the furthe

关 键 词：道路尘土 平均粒径 粒径分布 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]